TOEFL Grammar Review

1 Министерство образования Российской Федерации Южно-Уральский государственный университет Кафедра английского языка Ш С30 Л.А.СЕМАШКО TOEFL Grammar Review Учебное пособие по английскому языку Челябинск Издательство ЮУрГУ 2001 2 ББК Ш TOEFL Grammar Review / Семашко Л.А. Учебное пособие по английскому языку. Челябинск: Изд-во ЮУрГУ, 2001. 203 с. Учебное пособие предназначено для тех, кто хочет причести в систему и усовершенствовать знание граммтики английского языка до уровня, необходимого для сдачи экзамена TOEFL (тест по английскому языку как иностранному), а также для широкого круга желающих самостоятельно продолжить изучение английского языка. Пособие состоит из 5 частей, содержащих более 250 упражнений и тестов, направленных на закрепление наиболее важных разделов грамматики.

2 Приложение с ключами позволит использовать пособие, как на аудиторных занятиях, так и для самостоятельной работы. Список лит. 13 назв. Одобрено учебно-методической комиссией факультета лингвистики. Рецензенты: М.Г. Федотова, О.И. Шубина. ISBN 5-696-02111-5 Издательство ЮУрГУ, 2001 3 C O N T E N T S Preface 5 PART I: British and American English 1. Differences Between British English and American English 6 PART II: Grammar Review 2. Sentence Pattern 11 3. Nouns 12 4. Count and Non-Count Nouns 13 5.

3 Articles 16 6. Distinction Between OTHER / ANOTHER 22 7. Tenses 23 8. Subject Verb Agreement 31 9. Pronouns 35 10. Verbs as Compliments 40 as Compliments 42 Verb NEED 42 13. Questions: Information Questions 43 Embedded Questions 45 Tag Questions 47 14. Negation 50 15.

4 Affirmative and Negative Agreement 51 16. Conditional Sentences 52 17. USED TO / USED TO + Ving 60 18. Would Rather 63 19. Modals 64 20. Adjectives and Adverbs 66 21. Linking Verbs 69 22. Comparisons 70 23. Nouns Functioning as Adverbs 74 24.

5 Hyphenated Adjectives 75 25. ENOUGH with Adjectives, Adverbs and Nouns 77 26. Cause Connectors: BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF; SO / SUCH 78 27. Passive Voice 82 28. Causative Verbs 84 29. Relative Clauses 87 30. Subjunctive 90 31. Inclusives: NOT ALSO, , AS WELL AS 92 32. KNOW/KNOW HOW 93 33. Clauses of Concession: DESPITE / IN SPITE OF / ALTHOUGH 94 34. Problem Verbs 96 4 PART III: Style in Written English 35.

6 Sequence of Tenses 97 36. SAY/TELL 100 37. Antecedents of Pronouns 101 Pronouns ONE and YOU 103 Participial Modifiers (Dangling Participles) 104 as Adjectives 106 41. Redundancy 107 108 Structure 109 44.

7 Transformation of Direct and Indirect Objects 112 45. Inversion 112 PART IV: Prepositions, Conjunctions and Problem Vocabulary 114 47. Conjunctions 118 121 49. Structure and Written Expression Test 1 134 Test 2 136 PART V: Idioms 139 Answer Keys 162 5 Preface At present many people want to study or to work abroad, or to work for a foreign company in Russia.

8 The first step to achieve this goal is to pass the test which certifies your knowledge of English. For example, if your plans are connected with working or studying in the USA, you have to pass the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). The TOEFL is a timed test that consists of four sections: 1. Listening Comprehension (50 questions 40 minutes); 2. Structure and Written Expression (40 questions 25 minutes); 3. Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension (50 questions 55 minutes). 4. Writing (30 minutes). The maximum total score is 300 points. In preparing for the TOEFL , or any other language examinations, it is very important to Review the language skills for each section of the examination and to have an opportunity to make model tests that are similar to the actual examination.

9 Reviewing will help students recall some of the language skills that they have studied in previous classes and other books. It is assumed that students have studied Grammar prior to reviewing for the TOEFL , and that they are relatively fluent. The purpose of this workbook then, is to provide students with a detailed Review of the language skills for the Structure and Written Expression section of the TOEFL , to sharpen these skills and to improve accuracy. TOEFL Grammar Review is divided into five parts covering the most frequently tested problems necessary to pass Section 2 of the TOEFL . Part I shows differences between American and British English. Parts II-IV include practice exercises designed to improve the ability to recognize Grammar and correct style in Written English.

10 Two TOEFL Structure and Written Expression Practice Tests included in Part IV will allow to measure their ability to answer Grammar questions in the TOEFL format. Part V contains exercises testing American idioms. The TOEFL Grammar Review includes answer keys which enable to use this workbook as a self-study guide for independent out-of class work. 6 PART I: BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH 1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRITISH ENGLISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH 1. PRONUNCIATION Letter BE AE Examples a [a:] [e] [ ] [ei] ask, dance, half, grass, example, can't ate o [ o ] [a] hot, not, top, stop, problem i [ai] [i] privacy, either, neither, vitamin u [ju:] [u:] due, news, knew, tune r [r] reader, figure t [t] [d] NOTE: Before n [t] little, city, cottage, auto, pretty, utter, critic, party, water, forget it button, mountain, written t [t] [t ] situation s [s] [ ] issue s [z] [ ] as you know, because sch [sk] [ ] schedule d [d] [d] education, would you, could you e [ ] [i:] leisure - ure [ ] [ ] figure 2.