Traditional Mediterranean Architecture - CORPUS

1 This project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member TS OF THE FILES ynthesisAnalytical group of the typologyForms of the typologyInventory of the country s typologiesCurrent state of vitality and preservationTransformation processCapacity for rehabilitationLexiconSYNTHESISIn Lebanon, the house with three arches appeared in the second half of the 19th-century. It is a typical middle-class, bourgeois house. Its characteristics belong toOttoman modernity: overall outside appearance, industrial materials used, and urbanrules and regulations typology is made up of several dwelling rooms, organized around a large centralhall or room. The back of this large room contains a typical element called liwan.

2 Thisroom is often protruding and is usually a living room. The front of this main room has ausually decorated three arch window, opening onto a narrow balcony and a garden, ona street or a landscape. This decorative element makes the model specific and differsfrom the Beirut model of another typology of houses with central hall that appeared inthe Middle East, at the same period. The rooms are found on each side. The kitchenand toilets are usually on the eastern size, inside decoration and location of the house are related to the means of itsowner. But the archetype has a private garden. The house usually has one or twofloors and is called bayt. The tallest houses are called harat. Houses that have twoapartments per floor are called wikalat. Aristocratic homes have towers, porches andother outstanding features. In mountain environment, these homes can also include akiosk, riwaq and origin of this house is Beirut: from there it spread throughout Lebanon.

3 Isconsidered as a most typical Lebanese house by the GROUP OF THE TYPOLOGYU rbanSingle/groupedFixedPermanentContinuo usRootedAverage and highCompact(Environment)(Implantation)(C haracter)(Origin)(Use)(Cultural)(Economi c level)(Morphology)FORM S OF THE TYPOLOGY5555 Typical planGallery planLoggia plan + projecting iwanProjecting plan555 HaratWikalatKiosk corbel planINVENTORY OF THE COUNTRY S TYPOLOGIEST roglodyte houseShepard shelterNomadic habitatBasic houseIwan houseRiwaq houseThree-arch houseCourt houseTypology :Country :House with three archesLebano nTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member S OF THE TYPOLOGYTY PE PLANI mplantationThis typology is usually built in a privategarden. In the heart of cities ormountain towns it is sometimes evenfound in the heart of souks, built aboveand older structure and flanked to activityDwelling type first appeared in Beirut around1860 and developed in its Ottomanversion until about house is found everywhere fromsea level up to a height of about preferred orientation is , the house opens onto theValley or surface coveredThis house usually covers 1/5 of theproperty or plot.

4 In very dense cities, itcan cover up to 100 % of the area of housing100 to 250 of floorsFrom 1 to 3 ma xi mu of homesFrom 1 to 3 ma xi mu of familiesFrom 1 to 3 ma xi mu number of members per family4 to 8 people at the end of the with three arches in ZahlehTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member S OF THE TYPOLOGYVARIATION 1 : TYPE PLANF unctional outlineThe bedrooms are organized on eachside of the main room. One of theserooms, near the entrance, is used towelcome guests. The large main roomis where the family and guests the back, the liwan is a winter livingroom. The kitchen and toilets arealways on the east side. This position islinked to the direction of dominant winds,Southwest and Northeast that helpedevacuate moisture and room has large windows to enjoythe panorama (Mountain view, valley orseafront views.)

5 House with three arches in DoumaUrba n fab ricElevationCross section 05+1 RoofingTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member S OF THE TYPOLOGYVARI ATION 2 : G ALLERY PLANF unctional outlineThe bedrooms are organized on eachside of the main room. One of theserooms, near the entrance, is used towelcome guests. The large main roomis where the family and guests the back, the liwan is a winter livingroom. The kitchen and toilets arealways on the east side. This position islinked to the direction of Southwest andNortheast dominant winds that evacuatemoisture and room has large windows to enjoythe panorama (Mountain view, valley orseafront views.)

6 One or more long balconies, generallywith an arcade can flank one or morefa house i n DoumaUrba n fab ricElevationCross section 05 RoofingAxoTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member S OF THE TYPOLOGYVARIATION 3 : LOGGIA PLAN + PROTRUDING LIWANF unctional outlineThe bedrooms are organized on eachside of the main room. One of theserooms, near the entrance, is used towelcome guests. The large main roomis where the family and guests the back, the liwan is a winter livingroom. The kitchen and toilets arealways on the east side. This position islinked to the direction of dominant winds,Southwest and Northeast, which helpevacuate moisture and room has large windows to enjoythe panorama (Mountain view, valley orseafront views.)

7 A Loggia with a sheltered terrace, or anopen area, is where the family spendsmost of the day and entertains hostsduring the hot months of the protruding liwan is an extension ofthe winter living house in ZahlehLoggia house in ZahlehUrba n fab ricElevationCross section+15 RoofingTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member ANTE 4 : THREE- ARCH HOUSE PLAN (LOGGIA HOUSE) EN SAILLIEF unctional outlineThe bedrooms are organized on eachside of the main room. One of theserooms, near the entrance, is used towelcome guests. The large main roomis where the family and guests the back, the liwan is a winter livingroom. The kitchen and toilets arealways on the east side.

8 This position islinked to the direction of dominant winds;Southwest and Northeast winds helpevacuate moisture and room has large windows to enjoythe panorama (Mountain view, valley orseafront views.)The three protruding arches are anextension of the central hall: theybroaden the view an architectural with three protrudi ng arches i nDoumaUrba n fab ricElevationCross section+15 RoofingTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member ANTE 5 :HARATF unctional outlineThe bedrooms are organized on eachside of the main room. One of theserooms, near the entrance, is used towelcome guests. The large main roomis where the family and guests the back, the liwan is a winter livingroom.

9 The kitchen and toilets arealways on the east side. This position islinked to the direction of dominant winds;Southwest and Northeast that helpevacuate moisture and room has large windows to enjoythe panorama (Mountain view, valley orseafront views.)Harat in BeyrouthHarat with protrudi ng balcony in ZahlehHarat in ZahlehHarat with protrudi ng balcony in ZahlehUrba n fab ricElevationCross section+15 RoofingTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member VARIANTE 6 : WIKALATF unctional outlineThe bedrooms are organized on eachside of the main room. One of theserooms, near the entrance, is used towelcome guests. The large main roomis where the family and guests the back, the liwan is a winter livingroom.

10 The kitchen and toilets arealways on the east side. This position islinked to the direction of dominant winds,Southwest and Northeast, which helpevacuate moisture and room has large windows to enjoythe panorama (Mountain view, valley orseafront views.)The wikalat has a central staircaseleading to the two apartments of in BeyrouthUrba n fab ricElevationCross section+1,+25 RoofingTraditional Mediterranean ArchitectureThis project is financed by the MEDA programme of the European Union. The opinions expressed in the present document do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union or of its member ANTE 7 : CORBELING KIOSK PLANF unctional outlineThe bedrooms are organized on eachside of the main room. One of theserooms, near the entrance, is used towelcome guests. The large main roomis where the family and guests the back, the liwan is a winter livingroom.