Traffic Signs Manual – Chapter 6 - Traffic Control

1 9780115537448 ISBN 978-0-11-553744-8 TrafficSignsManualTraffic Control20196 CHAPTERT raffic Signs Manual Chapter 6 DFT TSM Chapter 6 New Edition 1-328/11/2019 12:55 Traffic Signs ManualChapter 6 Traffic ControlDepartment for TransportDepartment for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland)Scottish GovernmentWelsh GovernmentLondon: TSOD esigners should consult the Department for Transport s website for confirmation of current publication for The Department for Transport under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty s Stationery Office Crown copyright 2019 All rights reservedCopyright in the typographical arrangement rests with the publication, excluding logos, may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for non commercial research, private study or for internal circulation within an organisation.

2 This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The copyright source of the material must be acknowledged and the title of the publication published 2019 ISBN 978 0 11 553744 8 Printed in the United Kingdom for TSO (The Stationery Office)J003631700 c2 12/19 Traffic Signs ManualContents of Chapters 1 8 Chapter 1 IntroductionCHAPTER 2 Informatory Signs * Chapter 3 Regulatory SignsCHAPTER 4 Warning SignsCHAPTER 5 Road MarkingsCHAPTER 6 Traffic ControlCHAPTER 7 The Design of Traffic SignsCHAPTER 8 Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations * To be published at a later date3 CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION Overview Legal Definitions References Format Working drawings Use of Traffic signals Justification Consultation and publicity Control equipment

3 Post installation 13 SECTION I SIGNAL CONTROLLED JUNCTIONS 152 LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS General Junction intervisibility zone Obstructions Corner radii Lane widths Left turn slip lanes Separation islands 193 LOCATION OF SIGNALS General Signal heads Signal head alignment Signal posts Green arrows 254 ROAD MARKINGS General Stop lines Longitudinal markings Lane destination markings 305 SIGNING General Regulatory Signs Supplementary exception plates Warning Signs 336 BASIC PRINCIPLES General Cycle Phase Stage 364 Intergreen period Determination of intergreen times Pedestrian to Traffic intergreens Interstage period Parallel stage stream Dummy phases Minimum phase green times Maximum phase green times Extension times 457 ASSESSMENT AND MODELLING General Saturation flow Degree of Saturation Lost time and effective green time Preliminary assessment Modelling 478 STAGING ARRANGEMENTS General Two vehicular stages Early cut off Separately signalled right turns Late start

4 Part time operation Hurry calls 549 Control STRATEGIES General Responsive Control strategies Isolated Control strategies Co ordinated Control strategies: linked systems Co ordinated Control strategies: Urban Traffic Control (UTC) Urban Traffic Management and Control (UTMC) Master time clock switch 5810 DETECTION General Below ground detection Above ground detection System D, Speed Assessment and Speed Discrimination 5911 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES AT SIGNAL CONTROLLED JUNCTIONS General Signal heads, push buttons and pedestrian demand units Geometric layout Stop lines Crossing studs and tactile paving layouts Pedestrian crossing sequences and timings Design walking speed Clearance period 675 Worked example.

5 Farside facilities Worked example: nearside facilities Kerbside and on crossing detection Pedestrian countdown signals Tactile and audible signals No pedestrian facilities Full pedestrian stage Walk with Traffic pedestrian facility Staggered or two stage pedestrian facility Displaced pedestrian facility 7812 FACILITIES FOR PEDAL CYCLE Traffic General Signal timings for cyclists Detection for cyclists Signal heads for cyclists Signal controlled junction layouts Cycle bypasses Dedicated cycle phase for cycle only movements Toucan facilities

6 Signal controlled cycle facility Hold the left turn Two stage right turns Cycle gates Priority using green cycle aspects Advanced stop lines (ASLs) for cyclists Cycle safety mirrors 97 SECTION II CROSSINGS 9913 SITE ASSESSMENT General Site Survey Pedestrian survey Traffic survey Crossing difficulty Average crossing time and speed Road accidents 10214 OPTION ASSESSMENT General Crossing options 10415 CROSSING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS General Accessibility Uncontrolled or informal crossings Location Visibility Width Road markings and controlled areas 1086 Zig zag and terminal lines Road studs Surfacing Guardrailing Proximity to priority

7 Junctions Approach to a roundabout Junctions with a yellow box marking Traffic signal controlled junction school crossing patrols Tactile and audible signals Lighting Provision for bus stops Crossings placed on road humps 12416 ZEBRA CROSSINGS General Layout considerations 12517 PARALLEL CROSSINGS General Layout considerations 12918 SIGNAL CONTROLLED CROSSINGS General Layout considerations Staggered and two stage crossings Signal operation Co ordinated Control Design walking speed Detection Operational cycles and timings 13819 PUFFIN CROSSINGS General 14020 TOUCAN CROSSINGS General 14121 SIGNAL CONTROLLED PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES (PEDEX) General Pedestrian countdown 14222 EQUESTRIAN CROSSINGS General Signal heads, push buttons and pedestrian demand units.

8 Holding area Timings Parallel pedestrian and Toucan facilities 1447 SECTION III OTHER SIGNALS 14723 SIGNALS FOR LIGHT RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS (TRAMS) General 14824 WIG WAG SIGNALS General Signal heads Control equipment Swinging or lifting (moveable) bridges Airfields Premises used by the emergency services Warning lights: cattle crossing ahead 15225 school CROSSING PATROL WIG WAG SIGNALS General 15326 SIGNALS FOR LANE Control General 155 SECTION IV INSTALLATION 15927 INSTALLATION General Relevant legislation Preparation Civil engineering works Electrical installation Signal heads and posts Associated equipment Controller cabinet Temporary signals Testing and certification Completion of works Acceptance testing Post completion works Documentation 165 APPENDIX A 166 LIST OF FIGURES 175 LIST OF TABLES 178 INDEX 1798 1

9 The Traffic Signs Manual (the Manual ) offers advice to Traffic authorities and their contractors, designers and managing agents in the United Kingdom, on the correct use of Traffic Signs and road markings on the highway network. Mandatory requirements are set out in the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016 (as amended) (TSRGD). In Northern Ireland the relevant legislation is the Traffic Signs Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1997 (as amended). Whilst the Manual can assist with complying with the mandatory requirements, it cannot provide a definitive legal interpretation, nor can it override them.

10 This remains the prerogative of the courts or parking adjudicators in relation to the appearance and use of specific Traffic Signs , road markings etc. at specific The advice is given to assist authorities in the discharge of their duties under section 122 of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 and Part 2 of the Traffic Management Act 2004 in England and under Part 1 of the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984. Subject to compliance with the Directions, which are mandatory (see and ), it is for Traffic authorities to determine what signing is necessary to meet those The Manual applies to the United Kingdom.