TRAINING FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS - WHO

1 1 TRAINING FOR HEALTH care PROVIDERSTRAINING FOR HEALTH care PROVIDERS [Date [Date ..Place Place .. ]Organizer]CHILDREN AND NOISECHILDREN AND NOISEC hildren's HEALTH and the EnvironmentWHO TRAINING Package for the HEALTH SectorWorld HEALTH <<NOTE TO USER: Please add details of the date, time, place and<<NOTE TO USER: Please add details of the date, time, place and<<NOTE TO USER: Please add details of the date, time, place and<<NOTE TO USER: Please add details of the date, time, place andsponsorship of the meeting for which you sponsorship of the meeting for which you sponsorship of the meeting for which you sponsorship of the meeting for which you are using this presentation in the space indicated.

2 >>are using this presentation in the space indicated.>>are using this presentation in the space indicated.>>are using this presentation in the space indicated.>>This pres entation on Children and noise is part of a comprehensiv e s et of TRAINING materials for HEALTH care PROVIDERS on children, the env ironment and HEALTH . <<NOTE TO USER: This is a large set of slides from which the pr<<NOTE TO USER: This is a large set of slides from which the pr<<NOTE TO USER: This is a large set of slides from which the pr<<NOTE TO USER: This is a large set of slides from which the presenter should select the most relevant ones esenter should select the most relevant ones esenter should select the most relevant ones esenter should select the most relevant ones to use in a specific presentation.

3 These slides cover many facetto use in a specific presentation. These slides cover many facetto use in a specific presentation. These slides cover many facetto use in a specific presentation. These slides cover many facets of the problem. Present only those slides that s of the problem. Present only those slides that s of the problem. Present only those slides that s of the problem. Present only those slides that apply most directly to the local situation in the region. It is apply most directly to the local situation in the region. It is apply most directly to the local situation in the region. It is apply most directly to the local situation in the region.

4 It is also very useful if you present regional/local examples also very useful if you present regional/local examples also very useful if you present regional/local examples also very useful if you present regional/local examples of noise prevention programs, if available, and choose local relof noise prevention programs, if available, and choose local relof noise prevention programs, if available, and choose local relof noise prevention programs, if available, and choose local rel evant pictures.>>evant pictures.>>evant pictures.>>evant pictures.>>Children and noise Children and noise of childrenVulnerability of HEALTH effectsAdverse HEALTH by ageEffects by age--group group actionTaking and noise Children and noise 3 Tounderstand, recognizeandknow1.

5 Definition and characteristics of sound and noise2. Sources and settings of noise exposure3. Adverse effects of noise exposure On physical HEALTH On psychological HEALTH On of the evidence of the harm to children Special vulnerability of children Various noise exposure scenarios in settings where children develop5. Interventions and preventive strategiesLEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVEST hese are the learning objec tiv es for this module. After the pres entation, the audienc e s hould unders tand, recogniz e and know <<READ SLIDE>> <<READ SLIDE>> <<READ SLIDE>> <<READ SLIDE>>Children and noise Children and noise Vulnerability of children3.

6 Adverse HEALTH effects4. Effects by age-group 5. Taking action6. DiscussionCONTENTS CONTENTS Children and noise Children and noise 5 DEFINITION: SOUND AND NOISEDEFINITION: SOUND AND NOISES ound is characterized by: Vibration Frequency (Hz) Intensity (Pa or dB) Decibel scale logarithmic Begins at threshold of hearing Periodicity Duration noise is an unwanted or objectionable sound NASAWhat is sound?What is sound?What is sound?What is sound?Sound is a mec hanic v ibration prop ag ate d by elas tic media (as air and water) whic h alters the pres s ure dis plac ing the partic les , and c an be rec ogniz ed by a pers on or an in s trument.

7 Vibration an d n ois e c an nev er be s eparate d b ut v ibration c an ex is t without au dible n ois e. Soun d is c harac teriz ed by its intrins ic c harac teristics : Vibration: Vibration: Vibration: Vibration: Sound is a mec hanic v ibration, ex pres s ed as a c ombination of pr es s ure (Pas c als , Pa) and f requ enc y (Hertz , Hz ) FrequencyFrequencyFrequencyFrequencyor pitc h is the number of c yc les per s ec ond (Hertz , Hz or k ilo Hertz , KHz ). Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity or loudn es s is the lev el of s onoro us pres s ure and is meas ured in Pas c als(Pa) or dec ibels (dB).

8 The audi ble s pec trum of the human e a r is between 002 Pa (c orres p onds to 0 dB) a nd 2 0 Pa (c orres p onds to 1 20 dB). The intens ity of human s peec h is approx imately 50 dB. Dec ibels are us ed for c onv enienc e to ex p res s s ound on a c ompres s ed, logarithmic sc ale in the h uman a udible s pec trum. Periodicity: Periodicity: Periodicity: Periodicity: desc ribes the pattern of repetition of a s ou nd within a p eriod of time: s hort s ounds that ar e rep eated. DurationDurationDurationDuration: is the ac ous tic s ens e dev eloped by the c ontinuity of a s ound in a p eriod of time, for ex ample music, v oic e or mac hinery.

9 What is noise ? What is noise ? What is noise ? What is noise ? Nois e is an unwan ted or o bjec tionable s o un d. Gen erally , the ac ous tic signals that prod uc e a pleas a nt sens e (music , bells ) are rec ogniz ed as s oun d a nd th e un pleas a nt s oun ds as nois e (for ex ample: produc ed by a mac hine or airplan e). It c an be a polluta nt an d env ironmental s tress or, andthe meaning of s ound is important in determining re ac tion of different indiv iduals to the s ame soun d. On e pers o n s mus ic is another s nois huma n ear is an ins trument that detec ts vibration within a s et range of frequ enc ies.

10 Air, liquid or solid prop ag ates v ibration; without them, s ound do e s not ex is t. Sound do es not ex is t in the v ac uum. The high er the lev el of pres s ure of the s onoro us wav e, the s horter the p e riod of time needed to b e perc eiv e d by the ear. Why are not all vibrations audible?Why are not all vibrations audible?Why are not all vibrations audible?Why are not all vibrations audible?The ear is a frequ enc y analy z er. The e ardrum s epar ates tone a nd c ond uc tion in two different way s : by the nerv ous s ys tem and by the bo nes . The n erv ous sys tem c onnec ts the coc hlea to thetemporal regio n of b oth h emis pheres of the brain.