Example: air traffic controller

Transliteration of Arabic

Transliteration of Arabic 1/6 Thomas T. Pedersen Rev. , 2008-02-25 ARABICA rabic script * DIN 31635 ISO 233 ISO/R 233 UN ALA-LC EI 1982( ) 1984( ) 1961( ) 1972( ) 1997( ) 1960( ) iso ini med !n Consonants01 ! " ! " ( )( ) ( ) 02 # $%, &% ! " #, $ ( ) , ( ) %, ( ) , ( ) "03 ' ( ) * b b b b b b04 + , - . t t t t t t05 / 0 1 2 & & & th th th06 3 4 5 6 ' ' ' j j dj07 7 8 9 : ( ( ( ) ( (08 ; < = > * + + kh kh kh09 ? @ d d d d d d10 A B , , , dh dh dh11 C D r r r r r r12 E F z z z z z z13 G H I J s s s s s s14 K L M N - - - sh sh sh15 O P Q R .. / ..16 S T U V 0 0 0 d1 0 017 W X Y Z 2 2 2 3 2 218 [ \ ] ^ 4 4 4 z1 4 419 _ ` a b 5 5 5 6 6 520 c d e f 7 7 8 gh gh gh21 g h i j f f f f f f22 k l m n q q q q q 923 o p q r k k k k k k24 s t u v l l l l l l25 w x y z m m m m m m26 { | } ~ n n n n n n27 h h h h h h28 " h, t ( ) : ;, < ( ) h, t ( ) h, t ( ) a, at ( )29 w w w w w w30 y y y y y y31 !))))

Transliteration of Arabic 1/6 Thomas T. Pedersen – http://transliteration.eki.ee Rev. 2.2, 2008-02-25 ARABIC Arabic script* DIN 31635 ISO 233 ISO/R 233 UN ALA-LC EI

Tags:

  Script

Information

Domain:

Source:

Link to this page:

Please notify us if you found a problem with this document:

Other abuse

Transcription of Transliteration of Arabic

1 Transliteration of Arabic 1/6 Thomas T. Pedersen Rev. , 2008-02-25 ARABICA rabic script * DIN 31635 ISO 233 ISO/R 233 UN ALA-LC EI 1982( ) 1984( ) 1961( ) 1972( ) 1997( ) 1960( ) iso ini med !n Consonants01 ! " ! " ( )( ) ( ) 02 # $%, &% ! " #, $ ( ) , ( ) %, ( ) , ( ) "03 ' ( ) * b b b b b b04 + , - . t t t t t t05 / 0 1 2 & & & th th th06 3 4 5 6 ' ' ' j j dj07 7 8 9 : ( ( ( ) ( (08 ; < = > * + + kh kh kh09 ? @ d d d d d d10 A B , , , dh dh dh11 C D r r r r r r12 E F z z z z z z13 G H I J s s s s s s14 K L M N - - - sh sh sh15 O P Q R .. / ..16 S T U V 0 0 0 d1 0 017 W X Y Z 2 2 2 3 2 218 [ \ ] ^ 4 4 4 z1 4 419 _ ` a b 5 5 5 6 6 520 c d e f 7 7 8 gh gh gh21 g h i j f f f f f f22 k l m n q q q q q 923 o p q r k k k k k k24 s t u v l l l l l l25 w x y z m m m m m m26 { | } ~ n n n n n n27 h h h h h h28 " h, t ( ) : ;, < ( ) h, t ( ) h, t ( ) a, at ( )29 w w w w w w30 y y y y y y31 !))))

2 = y y !32 l! la" l! l! l! l!33 s! # al- ( ) "#al ( ) al- ( ) al- ( ) al- ( ) al-, %l- ( ) Transliteration of Arabic 2/6 Thomas T. Pedersen Rev. , 2008-02-25 DIN 31635 ISO 233 ISO/R 233 UN ALA-LC EI 1982( ) 1984( ) 1961( ) 1972( ) 1997( ) 1960( ) iso ini med !nVowels and diphthongs34 $ "! " !, %! ( ) ! !, %! ( ) !35 % a a a a a a36 % u u u u u u37 % i i i i i i38 ! % " % ! a" ! ! ! !39 % ! ! ! ! !40 % ! a= ! 41 % ! != 42 % % > uw > > > >43 % % ? iy ? ? ? ?44 %, % % an ", @A aA an ( ) 45 % % an = 46 % % un BA uA un ( ) 47 % % in CA iA in ( ) 48 % % aw aw aw aw aw aw49 % % ay ay ay ay ay ay50 % uww uwD uww, > ( ) uww >w ( ) uww, > ( )51 % iyy iE iyy, ? ( ) iyy ?y, ? ( ) iyy, ? ( )Other signs52 % % ( ) F ( ) ( ) 52 % & ( ) FD ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )54 ' F% F "G ( ) ( ) F%Additional characters H55 p p p p56 H H ch, zh H57 I I zh zh58 v v v 59 v v v 60 g h i j q q q f 61 f f f q 62 g g g g63 g g g g64 v v v Transliteration of Arabic 3/6 Thomas T.

3 Pedersen Rev. , 2008-02-25 Punctuation65 ,66 ;67 ?Numbers68 069 170 271 372 473 574 675 776 877 .. 9 Transliteration of Arabic 4/6 Thomas T. Pedersen Rev. , 2008-02-25 Notes * Character forms: iso isolated form, ini initial form, med medial form, !n (nal form. ! ham za: (hamza;). " ta"$ mar buw2a: (t! marb>2a;). # The de(nite article. Se individual notes. $ madDa: (madda;). % sukuwn (suk>n). & !adDa: (-adda;). ' ham za: "Gal wa. l (hamza< ). ) Characters used in various Arabic -speaking countries to represent sounds not found in standard Arabic . Not all Transliteration systems have a complete list of these characters. DIN (Deutsches Institut f r Normung) 31635: Umschrift des arabischen Alphabets as referenced in Klaus Lagally: ArabTeX a System for Typesetting Arabic . General notes: i.)

4 Hyphen is used to separate grammatically differing elements within single units of Arabic script , notably the noun from the article and/or from the particles wa-, fa-, ta-, bi-, li-, ka-, la-, sa- and a-. As t in the construct state. The de(nite article is assimilated with the following sun letter (+, /, ?, A, C, E, G, K, O, S, W, [, s, {). Suk>n is not transliterated. The consonant is written twice. International Standards Organisation. ( ). General notes: i. If the Arabic text supplies vowels, it will be entirely transliterated; if the Arabic text does not supply vowels, only those characters appearing in the text will be transliterated. With bearer ( ): #, without bearer: $. G C ruw#us (ruw#us); s #" H sa"$ala. The de(nite article is always joined to the next word without a hyphen, J y Mt "#al-Dam su. International Standards Organization. This standard was withdrawn and replaced by ISO 233:1984.))]}

5 Nevertheless, this version of ISO 233 can still be found in various publications. General notes: i. The standard distinguishes between Transliteration with and without i r!b (case endings): With i r!b Without i r!b . ( baytB bayt . ( baytuBA bayt }a x ma5n A ma5n ~ DQ x @ ii. Hyphen is used in Transliteration to separate grammatically differing elements, especially the noun from the article and/or from the particles wa-, fa-, ta-, bi-, li-, ka-, la-, sa- and a-. iii. ~( and ~( in Transliteration without i r!b : always transliterated ibn. See entry under the section Vowels and diphthongs and note Special condition for , and : The base letter is not transliterated, ra , z t li am, H su ! of Arabic 5/6 Thomas T. Pedersen Rev. , 2008-02-25 Hamza; is not transliterated initially, elsewhere by . With i r!b: <, } @ al-mad?na<B; without i r!))))

6 B in the absolute state: ;, } @ al-mad?na;; without i r!b in the construct state: <, )}t } @ mad?na< an-nab?. The l in the de(nite article is assimilated with sun letters: +, /, ?, A, C, E, G, K, O, S, W, [, s, and {. J y Mtt a---amsB. ! is used initially, %! elsewhere. > used in (nal position. ? used in (nal position. Suk>n is ignored in Transliteration . Jadda; is rendered by doubling the consonant. Hamza< (alif ;): With i r!b transliterated by its original vowel with a breve, indicating that the vowel is not pronounced, "y - ( bi-Khtim!mC, r u fi . ( baytB Ll-malikC; without i r!b after a vowel as with i r!b, "y- ( bi-Khtim!m; without i r!b after a consonant without the breve, ru . ( bayt al-malik. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). ( ). Not romanized in itself. Se Vowels and diphthongs section for other uses. Not romanized in initial position.))))))]

7 : B < akhadha, D ( bi r, fl H su !l, J ra ?s, v H su ila, #" } ( bin! !t, D l qara a, D l quri a. T! marb>3ah is romanized h, except in the construct form of feminine nouns, where it is roman-ized t instead. The l of the de(nite article al is assimilated with the following sun letters (t, th, d, dh, r, z, s, sh, s, d, t, z, l, n). : lC"Mt! ash-Sh!riqah. Marks absence of the vowel and is not romanized. Marks doubling of the consonant. American Library Association/Library of Congress. General notes: i. Hyphen is used to connect the de(nite article al with the following word; between an inseparable pre(x and the following word; between bin and the following word in personal names when they are written in Arabic as a single word. ii. Prime (M) is used to resolve disambiguity, z ?! AdMham, " -xDp akramatMh!; to mark the use of a letter in its (nal form when it occurs in the middle of a word, 4 aul Qal6ahMj?))))))

8 , > L ShaykhMz!dah. iii. ~( and ~( are both romanized ibn, except in modern names, typically North African, in which ~( is romanized bin. Hamzah in initial position is not romanized; when medial or (nal it is romanized , t Ix mas alah, Y< kha2i a. T! marb>2ah: In a word in the construct state: t, (D-t Wiz!rat al-Tarb?yah; in an inde(nite noun or adjective or proceeded by the de(nite article: h, P .al!h, )t t"HDt al-Ris!lah al-bah?yah. The de(nite article is always romanized al-, whether is it followed by a sun letter or not. An ex-ception is the preposition s followed by the article: lil-, } (DMut lil-Shirb?n?. Initial is romanized !; medial is romanized %! when it represents the phonetic combination, j t , ta !l?f; otherwise is not romanized different from , # iu< khulaf! . Tanw?n is not normally romanized. For exceptions see ALA-LC Romanization of Arabic 6/6 Thomas T.))))))))

9 Pedersen Rev. , 2008-02-25 % representing the combination of long vowel plus consonant, is romanized >w. Medial % representing the combination of long vowel plus consonant, is romanized ?y; (nal % is romanized ?, DQ , DQ Shaddah or tashd?d is romanized by doubling the letter. ( ), is not romanized. When alif with is part of the article s! , the initial vowel of the article is romanized a. In other words beginning with hamzat , the initial vowel is roman-ized i. @ 5yt @)` w"y- ( bi-ihtim!m 6 Abd al-Maj?d. The Encyclopedia of Islam. New Edition. at is used in construct state. Always al- and l-. Final position >. Final position ?. Doubles the ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts. Randal K. Berry (ed.). Li-brary of Congress, 1997. ( ). Anleitung zur Transkription des Arabischen. Fachschaft Asiatisch-Orientalische Kulturwissenschaften, Universit t Bonn, No date.)

10 ( ). Araabia / (D` Arab!y. Eesti Keele Instituut / Institute of the Estonian Language. KNAB: Kohanimeand-mebaas / Place Names Database, 2003-02-08. ( ). Bauer, Thomas: Arabic Writing , in Peter T. Daniels & William Bright, eds. The World s Writing Systems. New York/Oxford, 1996. The Encyclopedia of Islam. New Edition. Leiden, 1960-. ISO 233:1984. Documentation Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters. International Or-ganization for Standardization, 1984-12-15. ISO Rules for Transliteration . In Manual for the Preparation of Records in Deve lopment-Information Systems by Gisele Morin-Labatut & Maureen Sly. Information Sciences Division, International Develop-ment Research Centre, 1982. ( ( ). Lagally, Klaus: ArabTeX a System for Typesetting Arabic . User Manual Version Institut f r Informa-tik. Universit t Stuttgart, 1999. ( ). Romanization System for Arabic . BGN/PCGN 1956 System.))