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Treating Panic Disorder - Psychiatry

1 Treating Panic DisorderA Quick Reference GuideBased on Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With PanicDisorder, Second Edition, originally published in January 2009. A guide-line watch, summarizing significant developments in the scientificliterature since publication of this guideline, may be available at Treating Panic DisorderINTRODUCTIONT reating Panic Disorder : A Quick Reference Guide is a synopsis ofthe American Psychiatric Association s Practice Guideline for theTreatment of Patients With Panic Disorder , Second Edition, whichwas originally published in the American Journal of Psychiatry inJanuary 2009 and is available through American Psychiatric Pub-lishing, Inc. The psychiatrist using this Quick Reference Guide(QRG) should be familiar with the full-text practice guideline onwhich it is based.

ongoing assessment of the patient’s psychiatric status and re-sponse to treatment. • Consider the role of ethnicity and cultural factors in the patient’s presentation—for example, by using the DSM-IV-TR Outline on Cultural Formulation—and tailor treatment accordingly. Evaluate the safety of …

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Transcription of Treating Panic Disorder - Psychiatry

1 1 Treating Panic DisorderA Quick Reference GuideBased on Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With PanicDisorder, Second Edition, originally published in January 2009. A guide-line watch, summarizing significant developments in the scientificliterature since publication of this guideline, may be available at Treating Panic DisorderINTRODUCTIONT reating Panic Disorder : A Quick Reference Guide is a synopsis ofthe American Psychiatric Association s Practice Guideline for theTreatment of Patients With Panic Disorder , Second Edition, whichwas originally published in the American Journal of Psychiatry inJanuary 2009 and is available through American Psychiatric Pub-lishing, Inc. The psychiatrist using this Quick Reference Guide(QRG) should be familiar with the full-text practice guideline onwhich it is based.

2 The QRG is not designed to stand on its own andshould be used in conjunction with the full-text practice clarification of a recommendation or for a review of the evidencesupporting a particular strategy, the psychiatrist will find it helpful toreturn to the full-text practice Panic Disorder 3 STATEMENT OF INTENTThe Practice Guidelines and the Quick Reference Guides are not in-tended to be construed or to serve as a standard of medical of medical care are determined on the basis of all clinicaldata available for an individual patient and are subject to change asscientific knowledge and technology advance and practice patternsevolve. These parameters of practice should be considered guide-lines only. Adherence to them will not ensure a successful outcomefor every individual, nor should they be construed as including allproper methods of care or excluding other acceptable methods ofcare aimed at the same results.

3 The ultimate judgment regarding aparticular clinical procedure or treatment plan must be made by thepsychiatrist in light of the clinical data presented by the patient andthe diagnostic and treatment options available. The development ofthe APA Practice Guidelines and Quick Reference Guides has notbeen financially supported by any commercial Treating Panic DisorderCONTENTSA. Psychiatric Management .. 5B. Initiating Treatment .. 10C. Implementing Treatment .. 14D. Changing Treatment .. 20E. Maintaining or Discontinuing Treatment .. 21 Treating Panic Disorder 5A. PSYCHIATRIC MANAGEMENTE stablish a therapeutic alliance. Give careful attention to the patient s preferences and concernswith regard to treatment. Provide education about Panic Disorder and its treatment in lan-guage that is readily understandable to the patient.

4 Support the patient through phases of treatment that may beanxiety provoking ( , anticipating medication side effects,confronting agoraphobic situations).Perform the psychiatric assessment. Evaluation generally includes the components described in Table 1. Assess clinical features that may influence treatment planning,including the presence of agoraphobia and the extent of situa-tional fear and avoidance; the presence of co-occurring psychi-atric conditions, including substance use; and the presence ofgeneral medical conditions. Consider if the patient s Panic attacks are best diagnosed as asymptom of DSM-IV-TR Panic Disorder or whether they are re-lated to substance use or a general medical condition ( , thy-roid disease) or a side effect of medications prescribed to treatsuch conditions ( , oral corticosteroids).

5 Note that Panic Disorder may also co-occur with many generalmedical conditions (Table 2) and with many psychiatric disor-ders, especially personality disorders , substance use disorders ,and mood the treatment plan for the individual patient. Take into account the nature of the individual patient s symp-toms as well as symptom frequency, symptom triggers, and co-occurring Treating Panic DisorderTABLE OF A PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION FOR PATIENTS WITH Panic DISORDERH istory of the present illness and current symptomsPast psychiatric historyGeneral medical historyHistory of substance use, including illicit drugs, prescribed and over-the-counter medications, and other substances ( , caffeine) that may produce physiological effects that can trigger or exacerbate Panic symptomsPersonal history ( , major life events)Social, occupational (including military)

6 , and family historyReview of the patient s medicationsPrevious treatmentsReview of systemsMental status examinationPhysical examinationAppropriate diagnostic tests (to rule out possible causes of Panic symptoms)TABLE MEDICAL CONDITIONS MORE PREVALENT IN PATIENTS WITH Panic Disorder THAN IN THE GENERAL POPULATIONT hyroid diseaseMigraineCancerMitral valve prolapseChronic painVestibular disordersCardiac diseaseAllergic conditionsIrritable bowel syndromeRespiratory diseaseTreating Panic Disorder 7 To better assess symptoms, consider having the patient monitorthem, for example, by keeping a diary. A diary may also help withongoing assessment of the patient s psychiatric status and re-sponse to treatment. Consider the role of ethnicity and cultural factors in the patient spresentation for example, by using the DSM-IV-TR Outline onCultural Formulation and tailor treatment the safety of the patient.

7 Carefully assess suicide risk (Table 3). Panic Disorder has beenshown to be associated with an elevated risk of suicidal ideationand behavior, even in the absence of co-occurring conditionssuch as major depression. Decide whether the patient can safely be treated as an outpa-tient, or whether hospitalization is types and severity of functional impairment. Consider the impact of Panic Disorder on the patient s function-ing in domains such as work, school, family, social relationships,and leisure activities. Aim to minimize impairment in these domains through OF A SUICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH Panic DISORDERI dentification of specific psychiatric symptoms known to be associated with suicide attempts or suicideAssessment of past suicidal behavior, family history of suicide and mental illness, and current stressorsAssessment of potential protective factors such as positive reasons for livingSpecific inquiry about suicidal thoughts, intent, plans, means, and behaviors8 Treating Panic DisorderEstablish treatment goals.

8 Reduce the frequency and intensity of Panic attacks, anticipa-tory anxiety, and agoraphobic avoidance, optimally with fullremission of symptoms and return to a premorbid level of func-tioning. Treat co-occurring psychiatric disorders when they are the patient s psychiatric status. Monitor all symptoms originally presented by the patient. Understand that symptoms may resolve in stages ( , panicattacks may remit before agoraphobic avoidance does) and thatnew symptoms may emerge that were not initially noted. Consider using rating scales to help monitor the patient s statusat each education to the patient and, when appropriate, to the family. Provide education about the Disorder and its treatment. Inform the patient that Panic attacks are not life-threatening, arealmost never acutely dangerous, are not uncommon, and willabate.

9 This information and reassurance alone may relieve somesymptoms. Consider encouraging the patient to read educational books,pamphlets, and trusted web sites. Useful resources are listed inthe appendix of the full-text practice guideline. When appropriate, also provide education to the family. Thismay include discussion of how changes in the patient s statuscan impact the family system, and how responses of familymembers can help or hinder Panic Disorder 9 Promote healthy behaviors such as exercise; sleep hygiene;and decreased use of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, and other po-tentially deleterious the patient s care with other clinicians. Communicate with other health care professionals who are eval-uating or Treating the patient. Ensure that a general medical evaluation is done (either by thepsychiatrist or by another health care professional) to rule outmedical causes of Panic symptoms.

10 Extensive or specializedtesting for medical causes of Panic symptoms is usually not in-dicated but may be conducted on the basis of individual charac-teristics of the treatment adherence. Whenever possible, assess and acknowledge potential barriersto treatment adherence (Table 4) and work collaboratively withthe patient to minimize their influence. Encourage the patient to articulate his or her fears about treat-ment. Educate the patient about when to expect improvement so thattreatment is not prematurely abandoned. Encourage the patient to raise concerns or questions, includingby telephone if between with the patient to address early signs of relapse. Reassure the patient that symptoms can fluctuate during treat-ment before remission is attained. After remission, provide the patient a plan for responding tosymptoms that linger or Treating Panic DisorderB.


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