Type IV Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids

1 Pub. No. 7249153C (Supersedes 7249153B)LD-4 / 500B-4 Technical BulletinType IV Fire Resistant Hydraulic FluidsPageSection2 IAircraft Hydraulics Historical Perspective3 IISpecifications and Properties of Skydrol Fluids7 IIIM aterials Compatibility10 IVFluid In-Service Quality Limits12 VFluid Performance20 VIShelf Life, Storage and Handling22 VIIS afety and Emergency Procedures24 VIIID isposal of Used Skydrol Fluids24 IXCustomer Technical ServiceNOTICE: Although the information and recommendations set forth herein (hereinafter Information ) are presented in good faith and believed to be correctas of the date hereof, Solutia Inc. makes no representations or warranties as to the completeness or accuracy thereof.

2 Information is supplied upon the condition that the persons receiving same will make their own determination as to its suitability for their purposes prior to use. In no event will Solutia responsible for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use of or reliance upon Information or the product to which Information contained herein is to be construed as a recommendation to use any product, process, equipment or formulation in conflict with any patent, andSolutia Inc. makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, that the use thereof will not infringe any patent. NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE ARE MADE HEREUNDER WITH RESPECT TO INFORMATION OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH INFORMATION Early aviation Hydraulic systems were usedto apply brake pressure.

3 These systemsused a vegetable oil-based Hydraulic fluid. As aircraft design produced larger and fasteraircraft, greater use of hydraulics was neces-sary. These advances led to development of petroleum-based Hydraulic Fluids such as Mil-O-3580 and, later, after World War II, the growing number of aircraft Hydraulic fluid fires drewthe collective concern of the commercial aviation industry and the public. In 1948,Monsanto Company worked with DouglasAircraft Company to develop a fire-resistanthydraulic fluid based on phosphate esterchemistry, which was named Skydrol 7000. As the transport industry moved towardjets, Skydrol 500A fluid was developed tomeet the environmental needs of the new air-craft, and with the continuous developmentof more advanced aircraft further modifica-tions to Skydrol fluid formulations were changes, required by the aircraft man-ufacturers, are known as modifications to thefluid specification.

4 Or simply as Type I, II,III and now Type IV LD-4 and Skydrol 500B-4hydraulic Fluids are Type IV Fluids formulatedto exceed the rigid specifications of the aircraftmanufacturers. They have been in commercialusage since 1978 and have demonstrated outstanding 1997, Solutia Inc. was formed fromthe chemical businesses of Monsanto. Solutiacontinues as the world leader in aviationhydraulic fluid service and Hydraulics Historical PerspectiveBrief History of Aircraft Hydraulics2 ISkydrol Fluids are approved by all airframe manufacturers specifying phosphate ester Hydraulic Fluids including: Airbus IndustrieNSA307110 Boeing Commercial Airplane McDonnell Douglas Lockheed Aircraft C-34-1224 Society of Automotive EngineersAS1241 British AerospaceBAC Fokker Embraer BombardierBAMS 564-003 Many business aircraft manufacturers utilize one or more of these material specifi-cations.

5 Business aircraft manufacturers thathave designed aircraft models for use withphosphate ester Fluids include: Westwind Cessna GulfstreamSpecifications andProperties of Skydrol Fluids3 IISpecifications* for Skydrol FluidsProperty Skydrol LD-4 Skydrol 500B-4 AppearanceClear, purple liquidClear, purple liquidNeutralization content ( ) maxSpecific gravity, 77 F/77 in cStat 210 F/99 100 F/38 -65 F/-54 C2000 point, COC, F/160 C350 F/177 CRefractive Index @ 25 to to LevelNAS 1638 Class 7 or better*Specifications are subject to change. Write us for our latest Physical and Chemical Properties*Property Skydrol LD-4 Skydrol 500B-4 Test MethodViscosity in cSt-65 F/-54 C1185 cSt2765 cSt100 F/38 cStASTM D445210 F/99 cStPour Point F<-80 F<-80 FASTM D97 C<-62 C<-62 CSpecific Gravity, 25 C/25 116-BDensity at 100 F/37 C, g/cm3(See Pg.)

6 6) of Expansion** CWeight, 75 F/24 ,057 Moisture, % D1744 Acidity (neutralizationnumber) max max astm D974 Bulk Modulus psi221,000 psi or242,000 psi orAs described in BMS3-1115,237 x 105Pa16,685 x 105 PaFoam (ml foam/sec. collapse)Sequence 1 75 F/24 C50 cm3/25 s100 cm3/35 sSequence 2 200 F/93 C10 cm3/5 s20 cm3/15 sASTM D892-63 Sequence 3 75 F/24 C40 cm3/20 s110 cm3/40 sSpecific Heat100 F/38 kcal/(kg. C) kcal/(kg. C)Perkin-Elmer Differential200 F/93 kcal/(kg. C) kcal/(kg. C)Scanning Calorimeter300 F/149 kcal/(kg. C) kcal/(kg. C)Model DSC-1 Thermal Conductivity Btu/( F) kcal/( C)Btu/( F) kcal/( C)100 F/38 x10-3 Non-steady200 F/93 x10-3 Transient-Method300 F/149 x10-3(Hot Wire)Surface Tension, 77 F/25 dyn/cmDu-Nouy BalanceConductivity, BridgeHeat of Combustion13,200 Btu/lb13,000 Btu/lbASTM D240 kcal/g*These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

7 **Calculated for 100-300 F/37-149 C range using C = C=coefficient of expansion V1=volume at temperature, T1V2=volume at temperature, T24II(V2- V1)V1(T2-T1)Typical Fire Resistance Properties*Property Skydrol LD-4 Skydrol 500B-4 Test MethodFlash Point340 F/171 C360 F/182 CASTM D92 Fire Point360 F/182 C410 F/210 CASTM D92 AIT880 F/471 C945 F/507 CASTM D2155 Hot Manifold DripManifold F/704 C1300 F/704 CAMS 3150 CResultsEquivalent to than Manifold SprayFluid F/75 C167 F/75 CManifold F/593 C1200 F/649 CSolutia ModifiedFluid Pressure1000 bar1000 barAMS 3150 CResultsNo flashing or burningNo flashing or burningHigh Pressure SprayEquivalent to than 3150 CLow Pressure SprayBetter than than 3150 CWick FlammabilityEquivalent to to 3150C*These data are based upon

8 Samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all ,0003,00020,000 Kinematic viscosity, centistokesTemperature, ( F) ,00010,000 Temperature, ( C)0-10-20-30-40-50-6010203040 5070 8090100-7060 Skydrol 500B-4 Skydrol LD-4 , g/cm3 Temperature, ( F)Temperature, ( C)501001502000 Skydrol 500B-4 Skydrol LD-4 Materials used in the Hydraulic systemand surrounding it must be compatiblewith the Hydraulic fluid. The fluid must notdegrade their performance; neither shouldthe materials degrade the fluid. The materialsand components used in and near any aircrafthydraulic system are carefully selected by theairframe manufacturer. The aircraft industryuses many synthetic materials many areresistant to Skydrol Fluids and some are that are not totally Resistant requirelong exposure before damage from the recommended materialsshould not be made without prior consulta-tion with the airframe manufacturer and thematerials components suppliers.

9 The tablebelow contains the general rating of compati-bility of various materials with Skydrol of CompatibilityEXCELLENT RESISTANCE Material may beused in constant contact with the RESISTANCE Withstands exposure to the fluid with minimum swell (for plasticsand rubber) or loss of RESISTANCE Should not be used nearthe RESISTANCE Disintegrates in the Compatibility7 IIIG eneral Guidelines for Compatibility of AviationPhosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids with Various Materials*Resistance to Attack by Aviation Phosphate Ester FluidsExcellentGoodPoorNoFabricsAcrylic (Acrilan, Creslan, Orlon ) Cotton, Wool, Rayon Fiberglass, Nylon, Polyester (Dacron, Fortrel ) Carbon (Graphite) Coated FabricsBuna N-coated Cotton or Nylon Butyl-coated Nylon Ethylene Propylene-coated Nylon Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Nylon Neoprene-coated Nylon, Cotton, Polyester Silicone-coated Fiberglass Silicone-coated Polyester Vinyl-coated Cotton, Nylon, Polyester Vinyl-coated Fiberglass Fluoroelastomer-coated Nylon MetalsAluminum Brass Bronze Resistance to Attack by Aviation Phosphate Ester Fluids (cont.)

10 ExcellentGoodPoorNoMetals (continued)Cadmium Chromium Copper1 Ferrous Lead2 Magnesium1 Noble (Gold, Silver) Stainless Steel Zinc2 Titanium3 Exotic (Hastelloy, etc.) Beryllium Copper Conversion CoatingsAnodizing (Aluminum) Dow 7 and 17 (Magnesium) Paint FinishesAlkyd4 Acrylic Asphaltic Cellulosic Lacquer Epoxy Epoxy-Amide Heat- Resistant Aluminized Latex Polyurethane Linseed Oil Shellac Silicone Urethane Varnish Vinyl ThermoplasticsABS Acetal Acrylic Cellulosic ETFE Copolymer (Tefzel ) FEP (Fluorocarbon) Nylon Polycarbonate (Lexan ) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polyetherketone (PEK) Polyethylene Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO) Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) Polypropylene Polystyrene Polyvinyl Chloride Polyvinylidene Chloride 8 III*Based on material previously published in Machine to Attack by Aviation Phosphate Ester Fluids (cont.)