UAS Traffic Management Architecture - Global UTM …

1 UAS Traffic Management Architecture April 2017 UTM Architecture Global UTM Association i Version History Version Description Date High-Level Architecture Document April 29 2017 UTM Architecture Global UTM Association ii References Description Source Location unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) Concept of Operations NASA Ames Research Center Roadmap for Application and Technology Development of UAVs in Japan METI Demonstrating RPAS Integration in the European Aviation System SESAR-JU ICAO Circulaire 328 unmanned Aircraft Systems ICAO Notice of Proposed Amendment 2014-09 EASA UTM Architecture Global UTM Association iii List of abbreviations and glossary ATM Air Traffic Management BVLOS Beyond visual line of sight EVLOS Extended visual line of sight IFR Instrument flight rules RPAS Remotely piloted aircraft system SoS System of systems UAV unmanned aerial vehicle UAS unmanned aerial system U-Space Urban space UTM UAS Traffic Management

2 VFR Visual flight rules VLOS Visual line of sight UTM Architecture Global UTM Association iv List of definitions Aircraft Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth s surface Autonomous operation An operation during which a remotely piloted aircraft is operating without pilot intervention in the Management of the flight Beyond VLOS An operation where neither the drone pilot nor the observer maintains direct unaided visual contact with the RPA Detect and avoid The capability to see, sense or detect conflicting Traffic or other hazards, and take the appropriate action to comply with the applicable rules of flight Extended VLOS An operation in which the drone pilot is supported by one or more observers, and in which the remote crew maintains direct unaided visual contact with the RPA (UAS) operator A person, organization or enterprise engaged in, or offering to engage in, an aircraft operation Drone pilot The person who manipulates the flight controls of a remotely piloted aircraft during flight time Remotely piloted aircraft system A set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft, its associated remote pilot station(s)

3 , the required command and control links, and any other system elements as may be required at any point during flight operation RPA observer A person who, by visual observation of the remotely piloted aircraft, assists the drone pilot in the safe conduct of the flight Segregated airspace Airspace of specified dimensions allocated for exclusive use to a specific user(s) unmanned aircraft An aircraft that is intended to operate with no pilot on board unmanned aircraft system An aircraft that is operated with no pilot on board and its associated elements. A synonym for UAS is drone, or UAV. Very low level A vertical reference designated below the minimum heights prescribed for normal IFR or VFR operations; for instance, below 500ft above ground level Visual line-of-sight operation An operation in which the drone pilot or RPA observer maintains direct unaided visual contact with the remotely piloted aircraft UTM Architecture Global UTM Association v Table of contents 1 Introduction.

4 1 2 Problem Statement .. 2 3 Current Activities in UTM .. 3 4 Scope of the Document .. 4 5 Purpose of the Document .. 4 6 UAS Traffic Management .. 4 7 System of Systems .. 5 8 Stakeholders .. 5 National Aviation Authority (NAA) .. 6 Supranational Institutions .. 7 Drone Pilots .. 7 Operator .. 8 Drone Owner .. 8 Conventional Aviation Pilot (flights according to IFR in controlled airspace) 9 Conventional Aviation Pilot (flights in uncontrolled airspace) .. 9 Conventional Ground, Rail or Sea Traffic (not aware of any airborne Traffic ) .. 9 Conventional Ground, Rail or Sea Traffic (aware of airborne Traffic ) .. 10 Law Enforcement .. 10 Emergency Services.

5 10 Drone Manufacturer .. 11 UTM Service Provider .. 11 9 UTM System of Systems Breakdown .. 12 Technical infrastructure systems .. 14 Communication infrastructure .. 14 Navigation infrastructure .. 14 Surveillance infrastructure .. 14 UTM Architecture Global UTM Association vi Spatial data infrastructure .. 15 Meteo infrastructure .. 15 Systems (including human interface components) .. 15 UAS .. 15 UAS registration system .. 15 UAS Traffic Management system .. 15 10 System Interactions .. 16 Categories of Interfaces .. 16 Methodology .. 17 List of Functional Use Cases .. 17 UTM Architecture Global UTM Association 1 1 Introduction unmanned aircraft are a growing market that promises economic value and jobs in the near future.

6 Today, unmanned aircraft are commercially used for inspections and monitoring, surveying and mapping, filming and photography, precision agriculture, search and rescue, disaster relief, and public safety. unmanned aircraft are a useful addition to range of services provided. Smaller aircraft especially require significantly less infrastructure. They are much easier to deploy, and some can fly where conventional aircraft cannot: indoors or underground. Rescue or relief operations, or reconnaissance or supply operations, might require flying in severe weather or in geographically challenging locations. These can be conducted with expendable unmanned aircraft without putting personnel in danger.

7 In a nutshell, unmanned aircraft can be operated more economically in many cases; they provide additional, otherwise unfeasible, options; and they can go where no other aircraft could go previously. In 2013, Amazon revealed plans to develop its own delivery drone. In December 2016 the first Amazon Prime Air delivery was conducted in Great Britain. Logistics service providers around the world are working on concepts for deliveries by unmanned aircraft. The passenger drone manufacturers EHANG and Airbus are working on flying taxis. Such developments adumbrate what kind of applications can be expected in the future. Different kinds of operations entail different levels of requirements of infrastructure or equipment.

8 There are operations where the drone is at all times in sight of the pilot; those where it is out of sight of the pilot but in sight of somebody else; and those where it is out of sight. There are also operations where the drone provides its own sight, and the holy grail of the industry autonomous operations where the drone provides its own control. And all of these kinds of operations will possibly take place in the same airspace. Increasing demand for services, fascination with the technology, and great business potential drive the unmanned aircraft systems industry to develop more technologies more rapidly at a much faster pace than the conventional aviation industry.

9 The development of the drone industry is outpacing all predictions. In the United States, the National Airspace System currently handles about 7,000 flights at any given moment. In July 2016, the Teal Group provided the Federal Aviation Administration with a forecast that assumes that the commercial unmanned aircraft market will take time to develop, and forecasts the fleet to grow to approximately 542,500 over a 5-year period. According to the Federal Aviation Administration s registration database in December 2016, there were already 616,000 registered users of unmanned aircraft systems, most of whom were UTM Architecture Global UTM Association 2 hobbyists, as at the time there were no rules enabling commercial use without exemptions.

10 It is therefore very likely that the number of unmanned aircraft will continue to increase in the coming years. 2 Problem Statement Most regular unmanned aircraft operations are presumably going to take place at very low level a part of the airspace currently used by general aviation (military, police, and search and rescue aircraft), but also by cars, ships, people, animals, and infrastructure. In order to share their space, unmanned aircraft must comply with the safety standards that have already been established. Additional standards may have to be developed. Various national regulations have been put in place in reaction to market developments, but no international harmonization has been achieved yet.