Understanding Terrorism in Africa - ETH Z

1 Understanding Terrorism in AfricaBuilding Bridges and Overcoming the GapsEdited by Wafula Okumu and Anneli Botha19 and 20 May 2007 The vision of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) is one of a stable and peaceful Africa characterised by sustainable develop-ment, human rights, the rule of law, democracy and collaborative security. As an applied policy research institute with a mission to conceptualise, inform and enhance the debate on human security in Africa the organisation supports policy formulation and decision making at every level towards the enhancement of human security for all in Africa .

2 The Institute supports this vision and mission by undertaking applied research, training and capacity building; working collaboratively with others; facilitating and supporting policy formulation; monitoring trends and policy implementation; and collecting, interpreting and disseminating should be noted that any opinions expressed in this report are the responsibility of the participants in the workshop and not of the ISS, its Advisory Council, the Trustees or any funder or sponsor of the ISS. Institute for Security Studies, 2008 Copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Institute for Security Studies, and no part may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission, in writing, of the : 978-1-920114-26-8 Published by theInstitute for Security StudiesInstitute for Security StudiesPO Box 1787, Brooklyn Square Tshwane (Pretoria) 0075 SOUTH AFRICATel: +27 12 346 9500/2 Fax: +27 12 460 0998email: by Marketing Support Services +27 12 346 2168 Printed by Business Print CentreCover Photo byCaption: ContentsAbout the authors.

3 IiiIntroduction ..viPanel 1: Bridging Gaps in Defi nitions and Understanding of TerrorismTerrorism: An Etymo-Epistemological Analysis .. Mhand BerkoukChallenges in Understanding Terrorism in Africa .. Anneli BothaPanel 2: Bridging Gaps in Understanding the Impact of the War on Terrorism The Impact of the War on Terrorism in Western Democracies .. Clinton W WattsThe Impact of Terrorism on the Middle East and North Africa .. Mohamed KamalThe Impact of the War on Terror on Governance and Human Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa .. Samuel M MakindaEconomic Consequences of Terrorism in North Africa : Insights from Economic Theory.

4 Abdallah Shehata KhattabTerrorist Attacks and the Kenyan Economy .. Martin Kimani MbuguaThe Impact of War on Terrorism on the Media and Civil Society in North Africa .. Al-Shikaki AhmedPanel 3: Building Bridges in Preventing and Combating Terrorism in Africa Egyptian Legislative Strategy in Addressing Terrorism .. Ismael Abd El RahmanGaps and Challenges in Preventing and Combating Terrorism in East Africa .. Wafula OkumuInitiatives to Prevent and Combat Terrorism in Southern Africa .. Anneli BothaCounter- Terrorism Measures in West Africa .. Gani YoromsUnderstanding Terrorism in Africa : Building Bridges and Overcoming the GapsiiPanel 4: International Experiences in Preventing and Combating Terrorism Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Threats and Responses.

5 Mohamed Bin AliTerrorism: The European Experience .. Karin KneisslThe United States of America s Experience in Preventing and Combating Terrorism .. Donovan C ChauCanadian Experiences in Preventing and Combating Terrorism .. Kent RoachList of Participants .. 135iiiAbout the authorsAbdallah Shehata KhattabAbdallah Shehata Khattab is an Associate Professor of Economics at Cairo University. He got his PhD from England and currently works as a consultant in the fi nancial department of the People s Assembly of Egypt. Al Shikaki AhmedAl Shikaki Ahmed is a researcher at the Arab and Mediterranean Studies Center (CERMAM) in Geneva.

6 He has a Master degree in Political Sciences and a DEA (Dipl me d Etudes Approfondies) in Development Studies from University of Geneva. His research specialisations are peacekeeping, post-confl ict reconstruction, Terrorism , governance and democracy in the Arab world and the Mediterranean region. Anneli BothaAnneli Botha is a senior researcher on Terrorism at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in Pretoria. After completing an honours degree in International Politics, she joined the South African Police Service, Crime Intelligence, in 1993, where she focused on, inter alia, Terrorism and religious extremism.

7 In 1999 she obtained an MA (Political Studies) degree from Rand Afrikaans University that focused on the historical development of Terrorism , religious ex-tremism and PAGAD (People Against Gangsterism and Drugs). She has a specifi c interest in the underlying causes of Terrorism , includ-ing the stages in the development of Terrorism , Terrorism in Africa , and the implementation of effective counter- Terrorism W. WattsClinton W. Watts is currently the Executive Offi cer of Combating Terrorism Center, Military Academy, West Point in New York. During the period August 2002 and April 2003 Mr.

8 Watts served as a Special Agent, International counterterrorism Task Force in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in Portland, Oregon. Between June 1995 and July 2002 he served as an Infantry Offi cer in the United States Army. He abtained an in International Policy Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California in May 2005 as well as a in Political Science (Comparative), Minor in Civil Engineering in 1995 at United States Military Academy, West Point, New C. ChauDonovan C. Chau is an Assistant Professor of Political Science and faculty member of the graduate school at California State University, San Bernardino.

9 He is also an Adjunct Professor of Defense and Strategic Studies and faculty member of the graduate school at Missouri State University. Dr. Chau has done consultancy work for the Departments of Homeland Security and Defense on terrorist threats from Africa , Communist Chinese infl uence in Africa , and counterterrorism in sub-Saharan Africa . He has also worked for the Congressional Committee on Homeland Security. Dr. Chau has a in Politics and International Relations from the University of Reading, an in Defense and Strategic Studies from Missouri State University, and a in Literature/Government from Claremont McKenna YoromsGani Yoroms is currently a senior research fellow and director of the Department of Defence and Security Studies of the African Centre for Strategic Research and Training at the National War College, Nigeria.

10 He has served as a fellow of SSRC-Mac-Arthur at the Watson Institute of International Studies, Brown University, Rhode Island, US. Dr. Yoroms has also worked with the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) in the establishment of the West African Network on Security and Democratic Governance (WANSED), an organisation that brings together research institutions and civil societies in West Africa . He has served as a member of various panels, including the Committee for the Formulation of Peace Support Operation Doctrine for the Nigerian Army. Dr Yoroms has published widely in local and international journals and Abd El RahmenIsmael Abd El Rahmen is a senior researcher in the Institute for Development Research at Cairo University.