UNIT -I : Chemical Substances : Nature and Behaviour ...

1 UNIT -I : Chemical Substances : Nature and Behaviour Chapter - 1 : Chemical Reactions and EquationsFlowchartsisilverqqChapter - 2 : Acids, Bases and SaltsFlowcharts2 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-XACIDSandBASESP hysicalPropertiesOfAcids(i)Sourintaste(i i)Turnsbluelitmusred(iii)GiveHionsinaque oussolution(iv)Aqueoussolutionconductsel ectricity+PhysicalPropertiesOfBases(i)Bi tterintaste(ii)Turns redlitmusblue(iii)GiveOHionsinaqueoussol ution(iv)Doesnotconductelectricity ChemicalPropertiesOfAcids(i)Reactwithmet alstoliberatehydrogen(ii)Reactwithmetalc arbonatetoliberateCO2 ChemicalPropertiesOfBases(i)Alkali(Solub lebases)reactwithmetalstoliberateH(ii) whenanacid andabasereactwith eachotherTYPESOFSALTSPREPARATIONSC ommonsaltNaClNaOH+HClNaCl+HO2 Plasterof ParisCaSO.

2 O24 CaSO. HO24+ 1 HO2373 KWashingsodaNa CO .10HO232Na CO +10HO232Na CO 10HO232 BleachingpowderCaOCl2Ca(OH)+Cl22 CaOCl+HO22 BakingSodaNaHCO3Na CO ( )+CO()+HO( )2322aqgl2 NaHCO()3sqqOswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-X [ 3 Chapter - 3 : Metals and non-metalsFlowchartsMETALSP hysical Properties(i)They aresolids.(ii) (iii)Theyhavehighdensity.(iv)They aremalleableandductile.(v)They aregoodconductorofheat& Properties(i)Metal+OMetaloxide(ii)Metal+ HOMetalhydroxide(iii)Metal+ dilacidSalt+H(iv)Metal+ClMetalchloride(v )Metal+HMetalhydride222 22 NON-METALSP hysical Properties(i)They arefoundinsolid,liquidandgaseousform.(ii ) (iii)They arenotmalleableandductile.]

3 (iv)They arepoorconductorofheat& Properties(i)Non-metal+ONon-metaloxide(i i)Non-metal+ steamH(iii)Non-metal+ acidNoreaction(iv)Non-metal+ClNon-metalc hloride22 2 ELEMENTSqq4 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-XChapter - 4 : Carbon and its compoundsFlowchartAliphaticoropenchainhy drocarbonsCyclicorclosedchainhydrocarbon sUnsaturatedhydrocarbons(Hydrocarbonshav ingMultiplebonds)AlicyclichydrocarbonsAr omatichydrocarbonsAlkanesAlkenesAlkynesC lassificationof HydrocarbonsSaturatedhydrocarbons(Hydroc arbonshavingSinglebonds)qqChapter - 5 : Periodic Classification of ElementsFlowchartsClassification of elementsArranged withincreasing massGroup of threeelements havingsimilar 'sTr iadNewland'sOctaveMendeleev'sPeriodicTa bleModernPeriodicTa bleArranged with increasing atomicnumberupto Ca out of 56elements63elementsArranged withincreasing atomic mass113elementsLimitations ledtoMainFeaturesMainFeaturesMainFeature sMainFeaturesModifiedfurtherResearchled toAtomic mass ofmiddle element isarithmetic meanof atomicmass of other twoEvery eighthelement hasproperties similarto that of the firstElements arrangedin vertical groupsand horizontalperiodsElements arrangedon the basis ofelectronicconfiguration

4 Into4 CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-X [ 5 UNIT -II : World of LivingChapter - 6 : Life ProcessesFlowchartsPATHWAY OF AIR ENTERINGTHROUGHRESPIRATORY SYSTEMN ostrilNasal PassagePharynxLungsTr acheaLarynxBronchiBronchiolesAlveoliMout h(Saliva)SalivaryamylaseorptyalinPharynx OesophagusStomachHydrochloricacid,Gastri cjuice, Mucus,PepsinPancreasPancreaticjuice(Panc reaticamylase),Bilejuice(Liver)SmallInte stineIntestinalJuiceLargeIntestineAnusBO DYPARTSINALIMENTARY CANALANDTHEIRSECRETIONSFORDIGESTION6 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-XIngestionTakinginoffoodDigestionC omplexfoodmoleculesareconvertedintosimpl erfoodmoleculesAbsorptionThesimplesolubl efoodisabsorbedbybloodthroughdiffusionAs similationCellsabsorbedfoodthroughbloodf or itsgrowthandrepairofthebodyEgestionUndig estedmaterialismovedto thesurfaceofthecellandthrownoutVARIOUSST EPSINVOLVEDINTHEPROCESSOFNUTRITIONA bsence of oxygen(In yeast)Lack of Oxygen(Muscle cells)Presence of oxygen(In mitochondria)Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy(2 carbon molecules)

5 Lactic acid + Energy(3 carbon molecules)Carbon dioxide +Water + EnergyPyruvateGlucoseIn cytoplasmDIFFERENTWAYS INWHICH GLUCOSE ISOXIDISEDTO PROVIDE ENERGYB owman's capsule and glomerulusFilter the blood passing through themTu bular part of nephronReabsorb some Substances like glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of waterCollecting ductCollect urine from nephrons and joins the ureterUreterCollect urine from kidney and pass it on to urinary bladderUrinary bladderStore urine until the pressure of expanded bladder leads to the urge to pass it outUrethraExcrete out urine from the bodyORGANS INVOLVED IN EXCRETION INHUMAN BEINGS AND FUNCTIONO swaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE.

6 Class-X [ 7 Bowman's capsule and glomerulusFilter the blood passing through themTu bular part of nephronReabsorb some Substances like glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of waterCollecting ductCollect urine from nephrons and joins the ureterUreterCollect urine from kidney and pass it on to urinary bladderUrinary bladderStore urine until the pressure of expanded bladder leads to the urge to pass it outUrethraExcrete out urine from the bodyORGANS INVOLVED IN EXCRETION INHUMAN BEINGS AND FUNCTIONqqChapter - 7 : Control and Co-OrdinationFlowchartsCranial nerves(12 pairs)Spinal nerves(31 pairs)SympatheticParasympatheticBrainSpi nal CordForebrainMid brainHind brainCerebrumOlfactory lobeHUMANNERVOUS SYSTEMC entral Nervous System(CNS)Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)Autonomic Nervous System(ANS)CerebellumPonsMedulla Oblongata8 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-XDirectionalorTropicMovementPhotot ropism(Inresponsetolight)Geotropism(Inre sponsetogravity)Hydrotropism(Inresponset owater)Chemotropism(Inresponsetochemical s)

7 ShootsshowpositivephototropismRootsshowp ositivegeotropismWaterplantsGrowthofpoll entubetowardsa chemicalproducedbyovulePLANTMOVEMENTINRE SPONSETOEXTERNALSTIMULUSGLANDSE xocrine Glands(with ducts)Endocrine Glands(ductless)Pituitary GlandThyroid hormoneProlactin hormoneVasopressinOxytocinThyroxinehormo neParathyroidhormone(PTH)Thymosin1. Adrenalin2. Cortisol1. Insulin2. GlucagonTestesOvariesTestosterone1. Oestrogen2. ProgesteroneqqChapter - 8 : How Do Organisms Reproduce ?FlowchartTypes of ReproductionSexual ReproductionExamples oforganismsCatMouseBirdFishLizardCockroa chFrogBinaryfissionExamples oforganismsAsexual ReproductionSporeformationRejuvenationBu ddingVegetativePropagationBacteriaAlgaeA moebaParameciumExamples oforganismsExamples oforganismsMouldFernMossMushroomStarfish FlatwormExamples oforganismsExamples oforganismsYeastHydraBryophyllumRose plantMultiplefissionExamplesPlasmodiumFr agmentationExamples oforganismsSpirogyraPlanariaRegeneration Examples oforganismsHydraOswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE.

8 Class-X [ 9 Bisexual FlowerUnisexualFlowerStructure of a FlowerInsect PollinationWindPollinationPollinationSee d FormationSeedsFruitFormationDispersal ofSeedsSeedsGerminationSexualReproductio nBuddingFragmentationSporesVegetativePro pagationAsexualReproductionNaturalArtifi cialCuttingGraftingLayeringTissue CultureyeastSpirogyramouldsPotato,ginger Sugar caneFruitplantsjasmineorchidsMature FlowerStigmaStyleFilamentOvuleConnective AntherMicrosporangiumStamenFloral axisArticulationPedicelOvaryNectaryPeria nthPetal:CorollaSeptal:CalyxReproduction in PlantsExamples of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in PlantsTypes of PollinationSelf Pollination :Pollen istransferred to thestigma of sameflower or flowersborne to Pollination :Pollen istransferred toflowers of otherplants of the the same flowerSelf pollination same plant butdifferent flowerSelf pollination from flowerof a different plantCross pollination.]

9 123 OrganTestis with seminiferoustubulesCollecting ductsEpididymisVas deferens(spermduct)Seminal vesiclesProstate glandCowper's glandUrethraPenisFunctionSperm productionTr ansport and storageTr ansport, maturation andejaculationTr ansport and ejaculationSecrete thick liquid totransport spermurineSecretes thin alkalinesolution to neutraliseurine and female systemSecretions may lubricate,flush out urine or form agelatinous plugPassage for urine andspermCopulationMale Reproductive organs and their functions10 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-XReproduction of SpeciesTo Avoid ExtinctionAsexual Reproduction1. One Parent2. Fast3. No GeneticVariety-if one clone gets sick,all the clones get sickSexual Reproduction1.

10 Two Parents2. Slow3. GeneticVariety1. ProduceOffspring2. Use DNA3. Grow andDevelopAnterior pituitaryReleasesFSHC ausesPrimary follicleCausesTo mature intoSecondary follicleProducesEstrogenCausesAnterior pituitaryStart of another cycleEstrogen andprogesteronelevels fallStopsLH and FSH secretionReaches peakat the end of 28 day clockEstrogen andprogesteroneMaintainsProducesProduces OvumTo matureintoGraafianfollicleCausesTo releaseProducesEstrogenLHCausesOvulation (day 14)EndometriumCorpus luteumFEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLEqqChapter - 9 : Heredity and EvolutionFlowcharts/RoundOswaal CBSE Chapterwise Quick Review, SCIENCE, Class-X [ 11/RoundQuestion :When peas with two different traits round andwrinkled seeds are crossed, will their progeny exhibit one ofthose traits, both of those traits, or a'' blended'' intermediate trait?]