Universal Declaration of Human Rights

1 Adopted by the UnitedNations General Assembly 10 December 1948 Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity andof the equal and inalienable Rights of allmembers of the Human family is the foundationof freedom, justice and peace in the world,Whereas disregard and contempt for humanrights have resulted in barbarous acts whichhave outraged the conscience of mankind, andthe advent of a world in which Human beingsshall enjoy freedom of speech and belief andfreedom from fear and want has beenproclaimed as the highest aspiration of thecommon people,Whereas it is essential, if man is not to becompelled to have recourse, as a last resort, torebellion against tyranny and oppression, thathuman Rights should be protected by the rule oflaw,Whereas it is essential to promote thedevelopment of friendly relations betweennations,Whereas the peoples of the United Nations havein the Charter reaffirmed their faith infundamental Human Rights , in the dignity andworth of the Human person and in the equalrights of men and women and have determinedto promote social progress and better standardsof life in larger freedom,Whereas Member states have pledgedthemselves to achieve, in co-operation with theUnited Nations, the promotion of universalrespect for and observance of Human Rights andfundamental freedoms.

2 Whereas a common understanding of theserights and freedoms is of the greatestimportance for the full realisation of this pledge,Now, therefore, The General Assemblyproclaims this Universal Declaration ofHuman Rightsas a common standard ofachievement for all peoples and all nations, tothe end that every individual and every organ ofsociety, keeping this Declaration constantly inmind, shall strive by teaching and education topromote respect for these Rights and freedomsand by progressive measures, national andinternational, to secure their Universal andeffective recognition and observance, bothamong the peoples of the Member Statesthemselves and among the peoples of territoriesunder their 1 All Human beings are born free and equal indignity and Rights .

3 They are endowed withreason and conscience and should act towardsone another in a spirit of 2 Everyone is entitled to all the Rights andfreedoms set forth in this Declaration , withoutdistinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex,language, religion, political or other opinion,national or social origin, property, birth or , no distinction shall be made onthe basis of the political, jurisdictional orinternational status of the country or territory towhich a person belongs, whether it beindependent, trust, non-self-governing or underany other limitation of Multicultural Australia Universal Declaration of Human RightsUniversal Declarationof Human RightsArticle 3 Everyone has the right to life, liberty andsecurity of 4No one shall be held in slavery or servitude;slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited inall their 5No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment or 6 Everyone has the right to recognitioneverywhere as a person before the 7 All are equal before the law and are entitledwithout any discrimination to equal protectionof the law.

4 All are entitled to equal protectionagainst any discrimination in violation of thisDeclaration and against any incitement to 8 Everyone has the right to an effective remedy bythe competent national tribunals for actsviolating the fundamental Rights granted him bythe constitution or by 9No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest,detention or 10 Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair andpublic hearing by an independent and impartialtribunal, in the determination of his Rights andobligations and of any criminal charge 11(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence hasthe right to be presumed innocent until provedguilty according to law in a public trial at whichhe has had all the guarantees necessary for hisdefence.

5 (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penaloffence on account of any act or omission whichdid not constitute a penal offence, undernational or international law, at the time whenit was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty beimposed than the one that was applicable at thetime the penal offence was 12No one shall be subjected to arbitraryinterference with his privacy, family, home orcorrespondence, nor to attacks upon his honourand reputation. Everyone has the right to theprotection of the law against such interferenceor 13(1) Everyone has the right to freedom ofmovement and residence within the borders ofeach State.(2) Everyone has the right to leave anycountry, including his own, and to return to 14(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoyin other countries asylum from persecution.

6 (2) This right may not be invoked in the caseof prosecutions genuinely arising form non-political crimes or from acts contrary to thepurposes and principles of the United 15(1) Everyone has the right to a Multicul tural Australia Universal Declaration of Human Rights (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of hisnationality nor denied the right to change 16(1) Men and women of full age, without anylimitation due to race, nationality or religion,have the right to marry and to found a are entitled to equal Rights as to marriage,during marriage and at its dissolution.(2) Marriage shall be entered into only withthe free and full consent of the intendingspouses.(3) The family is the natural and fundamentalgroup unit of society and is entitled toprotection by society and the 17(1) Everyone has the right to own propertyalone as well as in association with others.

7 (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of 18 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,conscience and religion; this right includesfreedom to change his religion or belief, andfreedom, either alone or in community withothers and in public or private, to manifest hisreligion or belief in teaching, practice, worshipand 19 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinionand expression; this right includes freedom tohold opinions without interference and to seek,receive and impart information and ideasthrough any media and regardless of 20(1) Everyone has the right to freedom ofpeaceful assembly and association.(2) No one may be compelled to belong to 21(1) Everyone has the right to take part in thegovernment of his country, directly or throughchosen representatives.

8 (2) Everyone has the right of equal access topublic service in his country.(3) The will of the people shall be the basis ofthe authority of government; this will shall beexpressed in periodic and genuine electionswhich shall be held by Universal and equalsuffrage and shall be held by secret vote or byequivalent free voting 22 Everyone, as a member of society, has the rightto social security and is entitled to realisation,through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with theorganisation and resources of each State, of theeconomic, social and cultural rightsindispensable for his dignity and the freedevelopment of his 23(1) Everyone has the right to work, to freechoice of employment, to just and favourableconditions of work and to protection againstunemployment.

9 (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, hasthe right to equal pay for equal work.(3) Everyone has the right to just andfavourable remuneration ensuring for himselfand his family an existence worthy of humandignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by othermeans of social protection.(4) Everyone has the right to form and to jointrade unions for the protection of his Multicultural Australia Universal Declaration of Human RightsArticle 24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure,including reasonable limitation of workinghours and periodic holidays with 25(1) Everyone has the right to a standard ofliving adequate for the health and well-being ofhimself and of his family, including food,clothing, housing and medical care andnecessary social services, and the right tosecurity in the event of unemployment, sickness,disability, widowhood, old age and other lack oflivelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

10 (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled tospecial care and assistance. All children, whetherborn in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the samesocial 26(1) Everyone has the right to shall be free, at least in theelementary and fundamental stages. Elementaryeducation shall be compulsory. Technical andprofessional education shall be made generallyavailable and higher education shall be equallyaccessible to all on the basis of merit.(2) Education shall be directed to the fulldevelopment of the Human personality and tothe strengthening of respect for Human rightsand fundamental freedoms. It shall promoteunderstanding, tolerance and friendship amongall nations, racial or religious groups, and shallfurther the activities of the United Nations forthe maintenance of peace.