Update of Engine Categories, Emission Rates and Speciation ...

1 Update of Engine Categories, Emission Rates and Speciation Profiles forTier-4 Nonroad Compression Ignition EnginesJaehoon Han and Darrell SonntagMOVES Review Work GroupDecember 6, 2017 Agenda Emission Standards Compliance Technology Scope of Modeling Updates Data and Approaches Summary Q&A2 This presentation includes preliminary results from analysis in progress. The actual implementation in future MOVES versions is subject to Nonroad Compression IgnitionExhaust Emission Standards*3kW (HP)200120022003200420052006200720082009 201020112012201320142015<8 (11) 8 (11)<19 (25) 19 (25)<37 (50) 37 (50)<56 (75)Opt 56 (75)<75 (100) 75 (100)<130 (175) 130 (175)<225 (300) 225 (300)<450 (600) 450 (600)<560 (750) 560 (750) Color CodeTier 1 Tier2 Tier 3 Tier4 TransitionalTier 4 FinalRates[g/kW-hr]NMHC+NOx------------- --PMNOxNMHCPMor* EPA NRCI exhaust Emission standards at Compliance Technology After-treatment systems Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for NOx Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) for PM Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) for HC/CO/PM.

2 In-cylinder air handling technology Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Turbo-charging, .. In-cylinder fuel injection system Injection pressure, rate, timing, ..4 Emission Rates vary depending on technologyMOVES2014a NRCI Modeling Engine technology categories for NRCI equipment Defined to assign population fractions & Emission factors Classification based on EPA Emission standards Not differentiated by control technology Population fraction values for Tier-4 model years Estimates based on Tier-4 Transitional (Interim) & Final Standards phase-in schedule Emission factor values for Tier-4 model years Estimates based on standards with compliance margin applied5 Scope of Tier-4 Updates Engine technology categories New Tier-4 definition considering after-treatment types Population fractions* Tier-4 data from EPA Engine certification database (VERIFY) Consideration of Tier-4 flexibility program (TPEM) Emission factors Tier-4 Rates from Engine certification database (VERIFY)

3 Speciation profiles Differentiation based on after-treatment types A topic discussed in 2017 June Workgroup meeting6*Note: Population growth updates are handled in other related Tech Categories New Tier-4 Definition Now considering after-treatment configurations7I: Interim (Transitional)F: FinalANo DPFNo SCRBNo DPFWith SCRCWithDPFNo SCRDWith DPFWith SCR Model years from 2011* thru 2017 Includes info about: Engine family Power category Applicable certification tier After-treatment device types Emission Rates : NOx, PM, NMHC, CO Projected sales volume (CBI) Engine Certification Data NRCI compliance data extracted from VERIFY8*Partial data for MY 2011 Certified Engine Population Fractions The volume-averaged fractions of the engines in each Engine tech category are calculated Per power category Per model year group Stationary engines in certification data set Exemption clause in Tier-4 rules* Certified as Tier 2 or Tier 3 instead Excluded from our analysis since MOVES has mobile Engine population only9* Engine Population Fractions10HP <=25HP 25 to 50 Certified Engine Population Fractions11HP 50 to 75HP 75 to 100 Certified Engine Population Fractions12HP 100 to 175HP 175 to 300 Certified Engine Population Fractions13HP 300 to 600HP 600 to 750 Certified Engine Population Fractions14HP 750 to 1200 -generatorHP >750 -non generatorCertified Engine Population Fractions15HP >1200 -generatorTPEM Exemption

4 Transition Program for Equipment Manufacturers* ( flexibility program ) Temporary exemption that allows equipment manufacturers to delay installing Tier-4 compliant engines in their products for up to 7 years Participation is voluntary16* CodeTier4 Regular TPEM availableTier 4 DelayedTPEM availableCertified vs. TPEM Engine Volumes The volume ratio of Tier-4 certified engines to the TPEM engines needs to be accounted for in the total population fraction calculation Analysis is in progress using limited data available based on yearly reports from manufacturers to EPA (separate DB from VERIFY)17 RecommendedEmission FactorsHP <1118error barMOVES2014alevelRecord CountNOxNMHCPMR ecommendedEmission FactorsHP 11 to 2519 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 25 to 5020 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 50 to 7521 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 75 to 10022 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 100 to 17523 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 175 to 30024 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 300 to 60025 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 600 to 75026 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP >750 non generator27 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error

5 BarMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP 750 to 1200 -generator28 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommendedEmission FactorsHP >1200 -generator29 Record CountNOxNMHCPM error barMOVES2014alevelRecommended Speciation /Toxic Update Distinguish Tier-4 engines equipped with different after-treatment technology30 Engine Tech CategoryProfilefor TOG speciationToxicFraction of VOCPAH emissionsfactors(asfaction of )Metalemission factors*ANo DPFNo SCRTier2 nonroad diesel Engine Same way as Tiers 2& 3 using nonroad CI test program dataSame way as pre-Tier4 using onroad dataBNo DPFWith SCRCWithDPFNO SCRACES Phase 1 onroad data DWith DPFWith SCRACES Phase 2 onroad data * For Manganese and Nickel; Pollutant specific approaches for other metalsSummary We are proposing updating the Tier 4 nonroad diesel Engine classification, population split, Emission Rates based primarily on EPA certification data sets.

6 The effect of different after-treatment configurations will be accounted for in order to enhance modeling detail. It will also allow different Speciation by after-treatment