UPSC Mains 2018 ModelModel Hints Hints - IAS Score

1 UPSC Mains 2018 ModelHintsModel STUDIESP aper - IGS SCOREUPSC Mains Paper - 1[1] the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Comment.(Answer in 150 words) the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travellers in the reconstruction ofthe history of India.(Answer in 150 words) light on the significance of the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present times.(Answer in 150 words) is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation?(Answer in 150 words) is India taking keen interest in the Arctic region?(Answer in 150 words) mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics.(Answer in 150 words) are the consequences of spreading of Dead Zones on marine ecosystem?(Answer in 150 words)8. Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot beeradicated in India. Comment.(Answer in 150 words)9. Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government inIndia, poverty is still existing.

2 Explain by giving reasons.(Answer in 150 words) the Indian concept of secularism different from the western model of secularism? Discuss.(Answer in 150 words) Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri ChaitanyaMahaprabhu. Discuss.(Answer in 250 words) whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy ofIndia.(Answer in 250 words) indentured labour was taken by the British from India to their colonies? have they been ableto preserve their cultural identity over there?(Answer in 250 words)14. The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system. Howcan it be made effective in urban areas?(Answer in 250 words) blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India.(Answer in 250 words) is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explaintheir main characteristics.

3 (Answer in 250 words)UPSC Mains 2018GS PAPER - 1 Time Allowed: 3 hr. Max. Marks: 250GS Score [ 2 ]UPSC Mains Paper - 1 core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain thenature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success.(Answer in 250 words)18. Women s movement in India has not addresses the issues of women of lower social strata. Substantiate your view.(Answer in 250 words)19. Globalisation is generally said to promote cultural homogenisation but due to this cultural specificitiesappear to be strengthened in the Indian society. Elucidate.(Answer in 250 words)20. Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation. Argue by giving suitableillustrations.(Answer in 250 words)GS SCOREH ints: UPSC Mains Paper - 1[1] the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. a brief sketch of Indian art heritage (30-40 words) the importance of art heritage (30-40 words) the challenges and threats to art heritage (80-90 words) by providing viable suggestions for preservation of art heritage (30-40 words) Hints :India is unmatchable in terms of having largest and most diverse mixture of traditions and cultures.

4 Itsdiversity is reflected by tangible and intangible art heritage which is as old as the Indian civilization. Indiais a cradle of finest cultural symbols of the world which includes architecture, performing arts, classicaldance, sculptures, paintings etc. The art heritage of India has a special place among the countries of the recognition of Indian art can be gauged from the fact that 29 cultural sites which includes, Ajanta caves,Great living Chola temples, Agra fort, Elephanta caves etc. are on the Tangible Cultural World Heritage listof the UNESCO and more than a dozen elements which includes KumbMela, Yoga, Nawrouz etc. on theIntangible Cultural Heritage of the passage of time cultural significance of India is increasing at the global to the extent of consideringculture as the mainstay of the largest democracy in the world.

5 Incredible India campaign has risen to higherpedestal owing to the importance given to the cultural heritage of the country. So preserving and protectingart heritage of India that reflects the cultural sensibilities of Indian civilization becomes imperative. Someof the factors that make preserving our art heritage imperative include: Art as symbol of national identity: Culture and its heritage reflect and shape values, beliefs, andaspirations, thereby defining a people s national identity. It is important to preserve our cultural heritage,because it keeps our integrity as a people. Our national leaders used cultural symbols to instil sense ofoneness Art as an instrument of harmony and social cohesiveness: Art and culture has played an important rolein unifying the nation. It has acted as an instrument of harmony and social cohesiveness.

6 Art as symbolic narration of history: Indian art is an immediate expression of Indian civilization as awhole. It represents beliefs and philosophies, ideals and outlooks, the materialized vitality of the societyand its spiritual endeavours in varying stages of development Art represents history and in fact art narrates history of who we are and where we have come , paintings, dance and sculptures are strong reminders of many identities and historiesthat form our collective consciousness and become an inalienable part of ourselves. For example,the art of painting was widely cultivated in the Gupta period and is best known through thepaintings surviving in the Ajanta Caves, and also in the Bagh caves. Art as symbol of harmony with nature: Indian painting, sculpture, architectural ornamentation, and thedecorative arts is replete with themes from nature and wildlife reflecting love and reverence, and thereforeUPSC MAIN EXAMINATION PAPER - 1 HINTSUPSC Mains 2018GS Score [ 2 ] Hints : UPSC Mains Paper - 1the ethics of conservation.

7 A wide range of images of forests, plants, and animals are to be found inIndian miniature paintings and sculpture. The theme of the Hindu god Krishna s life depicted in miniaturepaintings underlines an appreciation of ecological balance. He is shown persuading people to worship themountain in order to ensure rainfall. Krishna swallowing the forest fire also signifies a concern for theprotection of forests and art heritage of India has immense value in terms of its historical, national, economical and politicalsignificance, many of the art forms and monument building are dissipating from the Indian map and preserving art has become need of the moment given the challenges that have been broughtin by industrialization, globalization, modernisation, environmental degradation and automation which hasmade the traditional arts and crafts outdated for the people.

8 Some of the challenges and threats which thetraditional arts and heritage of India is facing include: India, with several millennia of history, boasts of a diverse and rich built heritage. Each region of oursubcontinent boasts of monumental buildings and remarkable archaeology. Yet, less than 15,000monuments and heritage structures are legally protected in India a fraction of the 600,000 protectedin the UK. Even those structures considered to be of national/state or local importance in India and protected assuch remain under threat from urban pressures, neglect, vandalism and, worse, demolition, only for thevalue of the land they stand upon. Monuments and arts are protected by central and state agencies which are lacking in staff and continues to be the least priority for most governments. Museums and the ArchaeologicalSurvey of India (ASI) remain gravely short-staffed with an inadequate number of licensing and registeringofficers.

9 Despite the strong legislation, The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972, to protect the antiquity ofIndia, the smuggling of Indian art treasure which includes among others sculptures in stone, shrines,terracotta, metals, jewellery, ivory, paintings in paper, wood, cloth, skin, and manuscripts over a hundredyears old etc. to the outside country is unabated. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, between 2008 and 2012 a total of 4,408 items werestolen from 3,676 ASI -protected monuments across the country, but only 1,493 could be interceptedby police. Overall, around 2,913 items are feared to have been shipped to dealers and auction housesworldwide during this period. According to the National Mission for Monument and Antiquities, there are approximately 7 millionantiquities in India. But only million had been documented.

10 A report by the Comptroller and AuditGeneral stated in 2013 that the ASI had outlined irregularities in preservation of antiquities by the stateand central agencies which includes: No mandatory requirements for inspection by Superintending Archaeologist Absence of complete and proper documentation of works estimates Non-preparation of inspection notes after site inspection Faulty budgeting of works Delays in work completion Indian traditional art and craft gradual seclusion from the larger population and the craft-guilds hasaffected the cultural sustainability of the country. Due to industrialization Indian traditional art and craftare losing their potential market. Climate change and environmental degradation has adverse impact on the art heritage of India. A studyconducted by UNESCO Study of Environmental Effects on Cultural Property, India 1987 has outlinedthe increasing threat of climate change and atmospheric pollution on Indian artefacts and of the findings include: Copper and bronze objects continue to deteriorate and tarnish even when displayed or stored in amuseum.