Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring

1 Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring Prepared by Geosyntec Consultants and Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Prepared under Support from Environmental Protection Agency Water Environment Research Foundation Federal Highway Administration Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers October 2009 Disclaimer This report was prepared by the organization(s) named below as an account of work sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) and its partners on the International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database project.

2 WERF s partners on the project include the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the American Society of Civil Engineers Environmental Water Resources Institute (ASCE-EWRI). Neither WERF, its partners on the project, members of WERF or ASCE-EWRI, the organization(s) named below, nor any person acting on their behalf: (a) makes any warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report or that such use may not infringe on privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report.

3 Geosyntec Consultants Wright Water Engineers, Inc. The views expressed in this document are solely those of organizations named above and neither WERF nor its partners endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute WERF s nor its partner s endorsement or recommendations for use. Similarly, omission of products or trade names indicates nothing concerning WERF s nor partner s positions regarding product effectiveness or applicability. Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring manual TOC October 2009 Page TOC-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of this manual .

4 1- 1 manual 1- 2 Stormwater 1- 4 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Stormwater 1- 4 Best Management 1- 5 Stormwater BMP 1- 9 The International Stormwater BMP 1- 10 Regulatory 1- 11 manual Scope 1- 13 1- 15 Chapter 2 Developing a Monitoring Plan Step 1. Define Study Objectives/State the 2- 3 Key Activities for Step 2- 3 Outputs from Step 2- 7 Step 2. Identify Study 2- 8 Key Activities for Step 2- 9 Outputs from Step 2- 13 Step 3. Identify Information 2- 13 Key Activities for Step 2- 13 Determining Number of Storms Needed for Meaningful Statistical Assessment 2- 15 General 2- 15 Sampling Strategies and Determination of Number of Samples for Paired 2- 16 Outputs from Step 2- 20 Step 4.

5 Define the Boundaries of the 2- 22 Key Activities for Step 2- 22 Outputs from Step 2- 25 Step 5. Develop the Analytical Approach .. 2- 25 Key Activities for Step 2- 26 Outputs from Step 2- 27 Step 6. Specify Performance or Acceptance 2- 28 Key Activities for Step 2- 28 Outputs from Step 2- 30 Step 7. Develop the Plan for Obtaining 2- 31 Key Activities for Step 2- 31 Table of Contents Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring manual TOC October 2009 Page TOC-2 Outputs from Step 2- 31 Step 8. Assess Reasonableness of Plan and 2- 32 Key Activities for Step 2- 32 Outputs from Step 2- 33 Conclusion.

6 2- 36 References .. 2- 37 Chapter 3 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Monitoring Meteorological Data 3- 2 3- 2 Types of Precipitation 3- 2 Site 3- 5 Number of 3- 6 Collection of Other Meteorological 3- 6 3- 6 Weather 3- 7 Flow Measurement 3- 7 Primary Flow Measurement 3- 9 3- 13 3- 13 Selection 3- 14 Secondary Flow Measurement 3- 18 Float 3- 19 Bubbler 3- 20 Ultrasonic Depth 3- 21 Pressure 3- 22 Ultrasonic Uplooking .. 3- 22 3- 22 Velocity-Based 3- 23 Ultrasonic (Doppler) 3- 24 Electromagnetic 3- 24 Acoustic 3- 25 Rotating-Element Current 3- 25 Pressure 3- 25 Acoustical 3- 26 Float-and-Stopwatch 3- 26 Head Stick Estimated 3- 26 Deflection (or Drag-Body) 3- 27 Tracer 3- 27 Methods Suitable for.

7 3- 27 Data 3- 28 3- 30 Data 3- 30 3- 31 Power 3- 32 Table of Contents Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring manual TOC October 2009 Page TOC-3 Other Flow Measurement 3- 33 Direct Measurement 3- 33 Tracer Dilution 3- 34 Pump Discharge 3- 34 Stage-Based Variable Gate 3- 35 Stage-Based 3- 35 QA/QC of Flow 3- 37 Infiltration 3- 37 Common Flow Monitoring Challenges for LID 3- 37 Conclustion .. 3- 38 References .. 3- 38 Chapter 4 Water Quality Monitoring Water Quality Parameters and Analytical 4- 2 Selecting 4- 2 Dissolved vs.

8 Total 4- 6 Measurement of Suspended Solids 4- 8 Measurement of Gross 4- 11 Microbiological 4- 13 Analytical 4- 14 Sampling 4- 16 4- 17 4- 17 Intermediate 4- 17 Water Quality Sample Collection 4- 18 Grab 4- 18 Composite 4- 19 Automated 4- 21 Automated Sampling . 4- 22 In-Situ Water Quality 4- 25 Remote Communication with Automatic 4- 26 manual 4- 27 manual Grab Sampling 4- 28 manual Composite Sampling 4- 28 Sediment . 4- 29 Soil (Infiltration Media) 4- 30 Groundwater 4- 30 QA/QC for Water Quality 4- 32 Sampling 4- 32 Grab Sample Collection 4- 32 4- 33 Reconnaissance and 4- 34 Laboratory 4- 34 Sample Containers/Preservation/Holding 4- 35 Field QA/QC Procedures.

9 4- 37 Laboratory QA/QC 4- 38 Table of Contents Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring manual TOC October 2009 Page TOC-4 Conclusion .. 4- 38 Refererences .. 4- 39 Chapter 5 Implementation of Monitoring Plan Training of Personnel 5- 1 Installation of Equipment .. 5- 2 Testing and Calibrating Equipment .. 5- 4 Conducting Monitoring .. 5- 5 Coordinating Laboratory Analysis .. 5- 9 Conclusion .. 5- 10 References .. 5- 11 Chapter 6 Data Management, Validation, and Reporting Recommendations for Data Management .. 6- 1 Data Validation .. 6- 2 Using or Establishing Databases.

10 6- 3 Data Entry Approaches .. 6- 3 QA/QC Techniques .. 6- 4 Outlier Screening/Analysis .. 6- 4 Preliminary Data Evaluation .. 6- 5 Reporting Results .. 6- 7 Submitting Data to the International Stormwater BMP Database .. 6- 8 Overview of Data Requirements for the BMP Database .. 6- 8 General Test Site Information .. 6- 9 Monitored Events .. 6- 9 Watershed Information .. 6- 10 General BMP Information .. 6- 10 Monitoring Stations .. 6- 14 Monitoring Results .. 6- 14 Conclusion .. 6- 15 References .. 6- 15 Chapter 7 BMP Performance Analysis Concentrations, Loads, and Volume Reductions.