VETERINARY CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE …

1 TB MED 298 TECHNICAL BULLETIN, MEDICAL ARMY VETERINARY SERVICES VETERINARY care AND MANAGEMENT OF THE MILITARY WORKING DOG APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 9 May 2019 This page is intentionally left blank. i TECHNICAL BULLETIN, MEDICAL TB MED 298 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 9 May 2019 VETERINARY care AND MANAGEMENT OF THE MILITARY WORKING DOG You can help to improve this bulletin. If you find any mistakes or have a recommendation to improve procedures, please let us know. Mail a memorandum or DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to the Director, Department of Defense MilitaryWorking Dog VETERINARY Service, 1219 Knight St. Building 7602, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236.

2 The use of trademarked names does not imply endorsement by the Army but is intended only to assist in the identification of a specific product. TB MED 298 ii Contents CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION Purpose and scope , 1-1, page 1 References, 1-2, page 1 Abbreviations and terms, 1-3, page 1 Overview of the DOD MWD Program, 1-4, page 1 Other Working Dogs, 1-5, page 4 CHAPTER 2 - EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES Purpose, 2-1, page 6 Tiering Standards, 2-2, page 6 Equipment Requirements, 2-3, page 6 Programs and Funds, 2-4, page 8 Special Considerations, 2-5, page 8 Medical Supplies, 2-6, page 9 Textbooks, 2-7, page 9 Periodicals, 2-8, page 10 CHAPTER 3 - PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, DEPLOYMENT ISSUES, AND STANDARD PROCEDURES Handling of MWDs, 3-1, page 11 MWD Records, 3-2, page 11 Preventive Medicine, 3-3, page 14 Annual Submission of MWD Blood and Serum for Archival Banking, 3-4, page 17 Laboratory, 3-5, page 17 Nutrition Issues, 3-6.

3 Page 19 Vaccination Protocols, 3-7, page 21 Medication and MWD Performance, 3-8, page 22 Medical Deployability Guidelines, 3-9, page 22 Deployment, 3- 10, page 24 Exercise and the Obstacle Course, 3- 11, page 27 Working Bite Quarantine, 3- 12, page 28 CBRN Considerations with MWDs, 3-13, page 28 MWD Case Consultation with DODMWDVS, 3-14, page 28 MWD Referral to DODMWDVS, 3-15, page 29 MWD Referral for Civilian care , 3-16, page 29 Euthanasia or Death of MWDs, 3-17, page 30 CHAPTER 4 - EMERGENCY MEDICINE Overview of Emergent and Critical care , 4- 1, page 32 Emergency Preparedness is Critical for Success, 4-2, page 32 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, 4-3, page 33 Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) Syndrome, 4-4, page 33 Mesenteric Volvulus, 4-5, page 34 Heat Related Injuries, 4-6, page 35 Hemorrhagic Shock, 4-7, page 36 Upper Airway Obstruction, 4-8, page 36 Blunt Chest Trauma, 4-9, page 37 Blunt and Penetrating Abdominal Trauma, 4- 10, page 38 Anaphylactic Shock, 4-11, page 39 insect and Snake Envenomation, 4- 12, page 39 TB MED 298 iii CHAPTER 5 - COMMON MEDICAL PROBLEMS Skin, 5-1, page 41 Ears, 5-2, page 45 Eyes, 5-3, page 46 Infectious Diseases of MWDs, 5-4, page 47 Gastrointestinal Disease, 5-5, page 50 Cardiac Disease, 5-6, page 53 Respiratory Tract Disease, 5-7, page 55 Urogenital Disease, 5-8, page 56 CHAPTER 6 - DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Radiation safety , 6-1, page 58 Digital Radiography, 6-2, page 58 Technique Charts, 6-3, page 60 Abdominal Radiography of MWDs, 6-4.

4 Page 62 Elbow Radiography of MWDs, 6-5, page 63 Pelvic Radiography of MWDs, 6-6, page 63 Thoracic Radiography of MWDs, 6-7, page 64 Spine Radiography of MWDs, 6-8, page 65 Radiographic Contrast/Special Procedures, 6-9, page 65 Ultrasound, 6- 10, page 69 CT vs. MRI, 6- 11, page 72 Computed Tomography, 6- 12, page 72 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 6-13, page 74 Radiographic Referral Procedures and Practical Teleradiology, 6- 14, page 77 CHAPTER 7 - SURGERY Overview, 7-1, page 79 Tail Amputation, 7-2, page 79 Scrotal Ablation, 7-3, page 80 Exploratory Laparotomy, 7-4, page 80 Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis, 7-5, page 81 Gastropexy, 7-6, page 81 Partial Gastrectomy, 7-7, page 82 Splenectomy, 7-8, page 82 Guide to Ordering MWD Videos, 7-9, page 83 CHAPTER 8 - DENTISTRY Overview of Dental care for MWDs, 8-1, page 84 Dental Examinations, 8-2, page 84 Dental Records, 8-3, page 84 Dental Fractures, 8-4, page 84 Periodontal Disease, 8-5, page 85 Dental Prophylaxis, 8-6, page 86 Handler Level Dental care , 8-7.

5 Page 86 CHAPTER 9 - PHYSICAL CONDITIONING Overview, 9-1, page 87 Physical Demands on MWDs, 9-2, page 87 Musculoskeletal Injuries, 9-3, page 87 Physiological Responses to Conditioning, 9-4, page 88 Principles of Conditioning, 9-5, page 89 TB MED 298 iv Exercise Prescription, 9-6, page 91 Conditioning and Injury Prevention in MWDs, 9-7, page 93 CHAPTER 10 - BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE Background, 10-1, page 94 Overview of Diagnosis and Treatment, 10-2, page 94 Common Problems, 10-3, page 95 Evaluation of Behavioral Disorders, 10-4, page 96 Medical Causes for Behavior Problems, 10-5, page 96 Diagnosis and Initial Treatment, 10-6, page 96 Preventative Strategies, 10-7, page 97 Consultation and Referral Information, 10-8, page 100 CHAPTER 11 - DISPOSITION Definition, 11-1, page 102 Process, 11-2, page 102 Documentation Requirements, 11-3, page 103 MWD Transfer/Adoption Guidelines, 11-4, page 105 CHAPTER 12 - NECROPSY AND PATHOLOGY SUPPORT Actions Prior to Necropsy, 12-1 , page 107 Necropsy, 12-2 , page 107 JPC Diagnostic Services and Pathology Support, 12-3 , page 110 Table List Table 3-1: Semi-Annual Physical Examination and Health Evaluation, page 16 Table 5-1: MWD Treatment and Deployment Guidelines for CHF, page 55 Table 5-2: Prostatic Conditions and Findings, page 57 Table 9-1: Strengthening Exercises , page 90 Table 10-1 : Some Drugs Commonly used in the Treatment of Behavioral Problems in MWDs, page 97 Figure List Figure 3-1: Predeployment Processing Algorithm, page 25 Figure 5-1: Trypanosoma cruzi Treatment Protocol, page 48 Appendices A.

6 References, page 111 B. Sequence of Forms for MWD VETERINARY Health Record, page 115 C. CPR Algorithm for MWDs, page 117 D. Step-by-Step MRI Guidelines, page 118 E. Information for Uploading Files for Transfer to Via AMRDEC Safe, page 119 F. Example of Attending VCO Disposition Memorandum, page 121 G. Example of 64F Disposition Memorandum, page 122 H. Example of MWD Medical Deployment Category Memorandum, page 123 I. Canine-Tactical Combat Casualty Card (cTCCC), page125 Glossary, page 127 TB MED 298 Chapter 1 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. Purpose and scope a. The purpose of this document is to provide basic information pertinent to successfully managing the health and welfare of Department of Defense (DOD) Military Working Dogs (MWD). The material is directed toward Army VETERINARY Corps veterinarians and animal care technicians, both military and civilian, that have primary responsibility for the care of these animals.

7 However, it may be useful to others who work within the working dog community such as handlers, kennel masters (KM), dog-owning unit commanders, MWD program managers, and civilian veterinarians not employed by the Army providing care for MWDs and other federal working dogs. b. This publication attempts to consolidate medical information, policies, procedures and regulatory directives specific to the medical MANAGEMENT of MWDs into one document. This document is not, however, intended to be a VETERINARY medical text, therefore relevant applicable technical resources are essential. Army VETERINARY Corps Officers have researched, extracted, and compiled the material from a variety of references from all services and standards of VETERINARY practice within the United States. In consonance with the Army VETERINARY Medical Standardization Board (VMSB) process, information is evidence-based whenever possible.

8 1-2. References See appendix A. 1-3. Abbreviations and terms See the glossary. 1-4. Overview of the DOD MWD Program a. Role of Services, Agencies and Organizations. The DOD MWD Program has the participation of all the branches of the Armed Forces. The United States Air Force (USAF) is the largest user of MWDs and has been designated as the DOD Executive Agent (EA) for the MWD program. The Army is the DOD Lead Agent for VETERINARY public and animal health services and as such, works closely with all services to support their respective programs. Specific roles of the various service elements include: (1) Office of the Director, USAF Security Forces (USAF/A7S). USAF/A7S acts as the DOD Executive Agent for Military Working Dogs, represents MWD program interests at the Joint Service level, and designates the DOD MWD Program Manager (PM) as Chair of the Joint Services Military Working Dog Committee (JSMWDC).

9 This office is also responsible for ensuring appropriate coordination between DOD and other federal agencies for utilization of canine resources to meet security and resource protection requirements. (2) Army VETERINARY Service (AVS). Provides VETERINARY support to all services and is responsible for ensuring MWDs receive full medical care irrespective of installation assigned or facility location. VETERINARY Corps Officers (VCO) and Civilian Department of the Army General Service VETERINARY Medical Officers (GS-VMO) perform requisite exams, treatments and surgery as necessary, specify diets to be fed, advise on operational use, and, in concert with the owning unit, are responsible for the health and welfare of MWDs at the unit level in accordance with (IAW) applicable service regulations. Civilian Non-Appropriated Fund VETERINARY Medical Officers (NAF-VMOs) may provide care to MWDs when VCOs or VMOs are not available on a reimbursable basis.

10 Within this guide, VCO means VCOs and GS-VMOs and technician means both military animal care Specialists (MOS 68T) and Civilian Department of the Army VETERINARY technicians. (3) Joint Services MWD Committee (JSMWDC). This committee, chaired by the DOD MWD Program Manager, is comprised of MWD program representatives from each military service branch. It meets semiannually to discuss MWD policy and operational issues to include training requirements, inventory MANAGEMENT , unfilled MWD requisitions, certification procedures, VETERINARY support, etc. The JSMWDC is the policy development arm of the overall MWD program. The Director, Department of Defense Military Working Dog VETERINARY Service (DODMWDVS), serves on the committee as a voting member. TB MED 298 Chapter 1 2 (4) Air Force Security Forces Center (AFSFC).