Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of …

1 Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of things March 2010 Edited by Harald Sundmaeker Patrick Guillemin Peter Friess Sylvie Woelffl The meaning of things lies not in the things themselves, but in our attitude towards them. Antoine de Saint-Exup ry CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things 2 Editors and Contributors Book Editors Harald Sundmaeker, CuteLoop Coordinator ATB, Bremen, Germany Patrick Guillemin, CERP-IoT Coordinator, ETSI, Sophia-Antipolis, France Peter Friess, CERP-IoT EC Coordinator, European Commission, Brussels Belgium Sylvie Woelffl European Commission, Brussels Belgium Foreword G rald Santucci, Head of Unit DG INFSO Unit ; European Commission SRA Core Authors and Editor Team: Ovidiu Vermesan, NO, SINTEF, EPoSS Mark Harrison, UK, University of Cambridge, Auto-ID Lab, BRIDGE, EPCglobal Data Discovery JRG Harald Vogt, DE, SAP, SToP Kostas Kalaboukas, GR, SingularLogic, EURIDICE Maurizio Tomasella, UK, University of Cambridge, Auto-ID Lab, SMART, BRIDGE Karel Wouters, BE, , PrimeLife Sergio Gusmeroli, IT, TXT e-Solutions SpA, iSURF, COIN Stephan Haller, CH, SAP, CoBIS IoT Related Articles Several teams stemming from IoT related research projects and initiatives were sum-marising their perspectives and experiences.

2 The authors and their affiliation are listed within the separate sections of Chapter 4. The editors would also like to thank the re-view team for their support and contribu-tions. Project Profiles As popular as IoT became recently, as wide are the research fields distributed. The mem-bers of the Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things (CERP-IoT) are outlining their objectives and re-search work. The individual project partners and contact points are mentioned as refer-ence for future collaboration. For further information: Information Desk European Commission - Information Society and Media DG Office: BU25 02/59 B-1049 Brussels Email: CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things 3 Foreword Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of things It goes without saying that we are very content to publish this Clusterbook and to leave it today to your hands.

3 The Cluster of European Research projects on the Internet of things CERP-IoT comprises around 30 major research initiatives, platforms and networks work-ing in the field of identification technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification and in what could become tomorrow an Internet -connected and inter-connected world of objects. The book in front of you reports to you about the research and innovation issues at stake and demonstrates approaches and examples of possible solutions. If you take a closer look you will realise that the Cluster reflects exactly the ongoing develop-ments towards a future Internet of things growing use of Identification technologies, mas-sive deployment of simple and smart devices, increasing connection between objects and systems. Of course, many developments are less directly derived from the core research area but contribute significantly in creating the big picture and the paradigm change. We are also conscious to maintain Europe s strong position in these fields and the result be-ing achieved, but at the same time to understand the Challenges ahead as a global endeavour with our international partners.

4 As it regards international co-operation, the cluster is com-mitted to increasing the number of common activities with the existing international partners and to looking for various stakeholders in other countries. However, we are just at the beginning and, following the prognostics which predict 50 to 100 billion devices to be connected by 2020, the true research work starts now. The European Commission is decided to implement its Internet of things policy for supporting an economic revival and providing better life to its citizens, and it has just selected from the last call for proposals several new Internet of things research projects as part of the 7th Framework Pro-gramme on European Research. We wish you now a pleasant and enjoyable reading and would ask you to stay connected with us for the future. Special thanks are expressed to Harald Sundmaeker and his team who did a remarkable effort in assembling this Clusterbook. Brussels, March 2010 Peter Friess G rald Santuci Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.

5 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet ( ). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2010 ISBN 978-92-79-15088-3 European Union, 2010 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things 5 Table of contents Foreword Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of things .. 3 Chapter 1 The Internet of things .. 9 The Internet of things : Between the Revolution of the Internet and the Metamorphosis of Objects .. 11 1 Origin of the concept of " Internet of things " .. 12 2 Development of the Internet of things .. 13 3 IoT research and technological development in Europe .. 21 4 Conclusion .. 23 A Poor or a Rich Internet of things ; our choice now.

6 25 1 A global revolution .. 25 2 A mental revolution .. 25 3 A political revolution .. 26 4 A bartering revolution .. 26 5 An educational revolution .. 27 6 A technological revolution .. 27 7 A spiritual revolution .. 27 Chapter 2 The CERP-IoT Cluster .. 29 Chapter 3 Strategic Research Agenda .. 39 Executive Summary .. 41 Internet of things Vision .. 43 Internet of things Common Definition .. 43 Internet of things Vision .. 43 Internet of things Application Domains .. 49 Aerospace and aviation (systems status monitoring, green operations) .. 50 Automotive (systems status monitoring, V2V and V2I communication) .. 50 Telecommunications .. 51 Intelligent Buildings (automatic energy metering/ home automation/ wireless monitoring) .. 51 Medical Technology, Healthcare, (personal area networks, monitoring of parameters, positioning, real time location systems) .. 52 Independent Living (wellness, mobility, monitoring of an aging population) .. 52 Pharmaceutical .. 53 Retail, Logistics, Supply Chain Management.

7 53 Manufacturing, Product Lifecycle Management (from cradle to grave) .. 53 Processing industries - Oil and Gas .. 53 Safety, Security and Privacy .. 54 Environment 54 People and Goods Transportation .. 54 Food traceability .. 55 Agriculture and Breeding .. 55 Media, entertainment and Ticketing .. 55 Insurance .. 55 Recycling .. 56 Technologies supporting the Internet of things Vision .. 57 Identification Technology .. 57 Internet of things Architecture Technology .. 59 Communication Technology .. 60 Network Technology .. 61 Network Discovery .. 61 Software and algorithms .. 62 Hardware .. 62 Data and Signal Processing Technology .. 63 Discovery and Search Engine Technologies .. 64 CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things 6 CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things Relationship Network Management Technologies .. 65 Power and Energy Storage Technologies .. 65 Security and Privacy Technologies.

8 66 Standardisation .. 67 Internet of things Research Agenda, Timelines and Priorities .. 69 Identification Technology .. 69 Internet of things Architecture Technology .. 69 Communication Technology .. 70 Network Technology .. 70 Software, Services and 71 Hardware .. 71 Data and Signal Processing Technology .. 72 Discovery and Search Engine Technologies .. 72 Relationship Network Management Technologies .. 73 Power and Energy Storage Technologies .. 73 Security and Privacy Technologies .. 73 Standardisation .. 74 Future Technological Developments .. 75 Internet of things Research Needs .. 77 References .. 81 Chapter 4 Articles .. 83 Anti-Counterfeiting and how to deal with it in an IoT .. 85 1 Introduction .. 85 2 Markets for Counterfeit Products .. 86 3 Automatic Identification and Authentication .. 87 4 Business Process Integration .. 90 5 Summary .. 90 Challenges for Usage of Networked Devices Enabled 93 1 Introduction .. 93 2 Analysed Business Environments.

9 94 3 Networked Devices Enabled Intelligence .. 96 4 The CuteLoop Framework .. 99 5 Conclusions .. 102 6 Acknowledgement .. 102 7 References .. 103 NFC Technology and its Application Scenarios in a Future IoT .. 105 1 IoT and NFC .. 105 2 NFC technology .. 106 3 Services and use-cases .. 107 4 StoLPaN project results .. 108 5 Conclusion and Future Work .. 109 6 Acknowledgment .. 110 7 References .. 110 RFID-enabled Tracking and Tracing in the Supply Chain Lessons Learnt from the SMART and TRASER projects .. 111 1 Introduction .. 111 2 Lessons Learnt from the SMART project .. 112 3 Lessons learnt from the TraSer project .. 117 4 Discussion and Conclusions .. 122 5 References .. 123 6 Acknowledgements .. 124 An EU FP7 Project defining and accommodating international issues concerning RFID with particular reference to the emerging Internet of things .. 125 1 The CASAGRAS Initiative .. 125 2 CASAGRAS Conclusions .. 126 3 Recommendations .. 128 Standardisation issues Challenges on RFID and a future IoT.

10 129 CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things 7 CERP-IoT Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things 1 Organization .. 129 2 GRIFS Architecture and Standardisation .. 130 3 GRIFS conclusions .. 131 4 GRIFS standard database .. 132 5 GRIFS MOU and GRIFS Forum .. 136 Developing and Piloting the Next Generation of Networked RFID Systems .. 137 1 Building Radio Frequency Identification Solutions for the Global Environment (BRIDGE) .. 137 2 BRIDGE work strands: achievements and outlook .. 139 3 Enhancing European operations with RFID and fine-grained information sharing .. 151 4 Conclusions .. 152 Open Source Middleware for Networked Embedded Systems towards Future Internet of things .. 153 1 Internet of things .. 153 2 ASPIRE .. 154 3 Hydra .. 158 4 Summary and Future Steps .. 162 5 Acknowledgment .. 162 6 References .. 162 Usage of RFID in the Forest & Wood Industry and Contribution to Environmental Protection.