WATER ABSORPTION IN CARBOXYMETHYL …

1 AUTEX Research Journal, Vol. 11, No4, December 2011 ABSORPTION IN CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSEK arolina Boruvkova, Jakub WienerTechnical University of Liberec, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Studentsk 2, Liberec 46117, Czech RepublicAbstract:The paper deals with the testing of CARBOXYMETHYL cellulose properties. It was verified whether carboxymethylcellulose soaked in WATER , salt solution or pH adjusted WATER resulted in better sorption properties than 100% cellulose represented by standardised cotton fabric. During the measurements the samples were dipped intowater of different temperatures (10 C, 20 C, 30 C, 40 C, 50 C), in a NaCl solution (concentration , g/l,5 g/l and 10 g/l) and in WATER with a modified pH (5, 7, 9).

2 Another measure was aimed at monitoring changes inthe structure of the textile samples soaked in WATER at a temperature of 20 C with subsequent drying, which wascarried out using an electron words: CARBOXYMETHYL cellulose , immersing, sorption properties, is the most common organic substance on annually creates huge amounts. Even as anindustrial raw material it belongs to the basic. Annually, itconsumes almost as much as grain or oil. The elementalcomposition of cellulose is C, H and O,resulting in the formula (C6H10O5)n. The same molecularformula also refers to other polysaccharides, such as contains six-carbon cycles, called pyranose.

3 Thestructure of pyranose is shown in Figure 1 [1,2]. Binding ofseveral thousand (3000 15000) basic units of -glucose formscellulose macromolecule. Each -glukopyranose unit includes3 alcohol groups. The main reactions that affect the structureof cellulose and cause structural changes arephotodegradation, acid hydrolysis, oxidation andbiodegradation [3,4]. Technically they are important derivativesof cellulose esters and cellulose ethers. cellulose derivativesdistinguish the type of reaction of the hydroxyl group [5].disadvantage of CMC is its low resistance to rot, insects andlight.

4 CARBOXYMETHYL cellulose is also used for thickening foodssuch as in the manufacture of ice cream, syrups, puddings,etc. The molecular structure of CARBOXYMETHYL cellulose isshown in Figure 2 [7,8]. CARBOXYMETHYL cellulose was firstproduced in Germany in the 1930s. Since 1947, it wasmanufactured in the USA. It was used for the production ofsynthetic laundry detergent. Meanwhile CMC began to be usedin many other 1. Structure of pyranoseCarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) CARBOXYMETHYL cellulose is a derivative of cellulose obtainedby the chemical modification of natural cellulose .

5 CMC isgenerally prepared through the reaction of alkali cellulose withmonochloroacetate or its sodium salt in an organic greater part of CMC, which contains 40% moisture, isfurther processed by drying [6]. CARBOXYMETHYL cellulose hasmany desirable applications, such as in coatings, the formationof emulsions and suspensions, and for WATER it is used in many applications such as medicine,food, paper making, printing and dyeing. Carboxymethylcellulose is used as a protective colloid thickener and indispersion in aqueous solvents. It is also an aid in theproduction of NH and adhesives.

6 Sodium salts of carboxymethylcellulose form the basis for the production of cellophane. TheFigure 2. Molecular structure of CARBOXYMETHYL cotton nonwoven fabric 60g/m2 (pH 6,8).Cotton standardised cotton fabric for fastness testing g/m2 (Czech Standard 80 01 01).Method usedMeasurement of mass growthMeasurements consisted in immersing samples of g in WATER with an adjusted concentration of NaCl, pH andtemperature. Samples were immersed in liquids for a definedtime. Samples were weighed dry before soaking and thenagain after soaking. The weighing was done on analyticalbalances.

7 The calculation of the increase in weight after soakingwas made in grams and percentages. The calculation is shownin the equation (1) below. The samples were dipped in distilledwater of different temperature (10 C, 20 C, 30 C, 40 C, 50 C),in NaCl solutions (concentration , g/l, 5 g/l and 10 g/l) and in pH adjusted WATER (5, 7, 9).Where: x - height after immersion (g), y - original weight (g), %100 =yyxWAUTEX Research Journal, Vol. 11, No4, December 2011 - mass growth (%), y - original weight (g).Observed changes in the structure of textile samplesChanges observed in the structure of textile samples soakedin WATER at a temperature of 20 C with subsequent drying weredetermined using an electron microscope.

8 It measured 20fibre diameters for each image with a resolution of 500. Thevalues of the 20 samples established the average, and thecoefficient of variation and standard deviation were growth - effect of WATER temperatureThe graphs show that increases in the weight of the samplesare almost constant as a function of time and watertemperature. The CMC sample has values nearly eight timeshigher than the standard cotton chart shows that increases in weight after immersion inpH adjusted WATER with respect to immersion time are almostconstant.

9 Sample of CMC again reaches values almost eighttimes higher than the sample of standard 3. A verage values of mass growth gain after immersion inwater at a temperature of 10 C (dependent on time).Figure 4. Values of mass growth gain after immersion in WATER (dependent on the temperature of the WATER ).Mass growth - effect of NaCl concentration and pH of waterFigure 5 shows that an increase in weight after immersion inNaCl is evident, and that with an increasing concentration ofNaCl solution into which the samples were dipped, weightgain in a sample of CMC decreases.

10 The weight gain in thesample of standard cotton is unchanged with relation to theconcentration of the NaCl 5. A verages of mass growth after immersion in 6. Values of mass growth after immersion in pH in the structure of textile samplesImages from the electron microscope are shown below(Figures 7 to 10).Figure 7. Image of CMC before Research Journal, Vol. 11, No4, December 2011 of diameterSt atistical values of samples before soaking and after soakingare shown in Table 1 and Table images show that the CMC is due to swelling when wetdiameter increases.