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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS - India Water Portal

WATER QUALITY STANDARDSI ndian Standard forDrinking WATER - SpecificationIS 10500 : 1991 Technical Terms BIS (Bureau of Indian STANDARDS ) Desirable limits Permissible limit PPM NTU Hazen Units Colour, Hazen UnitsIS 10500-1991 Desirable : 5 Hz. , Permissible : 25 or effectsVisible tint, acceptance decreasesSourcesTannins, Iron, Copper, ManganeseNatural depositsTreatmentFiltration, Distillation, Reverse osmosis, Ozonisation OdourIS 10500-1991 UnobjectionableRisks or effectsRotten egg, Musty, ChemicalSourcesChlorine, Hydrogen sulfide, Organic matter, Septic contamination, Methane gasTreatmentActivated carbon, Air stripping, oxidation, Filtration pHIS 10500-1991 Desirable , Permissible :No relaxationRisks or effectsLow pH - corrosion, metallic tasteHigh pH bitter/soda taste, depositsSourcesNatural TreatmentIncrease pH by soda ashDecrease pH with white vinegar / citric acid Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 500 mg/l , Permissible : 2000 mg/lRisks or effectsHardness, scaly deposits, sediment, cloudy colored WATER , staining, salty or bitter taste, corrosion of pipes and fittingsSourcesLivestock waste, septic system Landfills, nature of soil Hazardous waste landfills Dissolved minerals, iron and manganeseTreatmentReverse Osmosis, Distillation, deionization by ion exchange HardnessIS 10500-1991 Desirable :300 mg/l , Permissible : 600 mg/lRisks or effectsScale in utensils and hot WATER system, soap scumsSourcesDissolved cal

WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Indian Standard for Drinking Water - Specification IS 10500 : 1991

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Transcription of WATER QUALITY STANDARDS - India Water Portal

1 WATER QUALITY STANDARDSI ndian Standard forDrinking WATER - SpecificationIS 10500 : 1991 Technical Terms BIS (Bureau of Indian STANDARDS ) Desirable limits Permissible limit PPM NTU Hazen Units Colour, Hazen UnitsIS 10500-1991 Desirable : 5 Hz. , Permissible : 25 or effectsVisible tint, acceptance decreasesSourcesTannins, Iron, Copper, ManganeseNatural depositsTreatmentFiltration, Distillation, Reverse osmosis, Ozonisation OdourIS 10500-1991 UnobjectionableRisks or effectsRotten egg, Musty, ChemicalSourcesChlorine, Hydrogen sulfide, Organic matter, Septic contamination, Methane gasTreatmentActivated carbon, Air stripping, oxidation, Filtration pHIS 10500-1991 Desirable , Permissible :No relaxationRisks or effectsLow pH - corrosion, metallic tasteHigh pH bitter/soda taste, depositsSourcesNatural TreatmentIncrease pH by soda ashDecrease pH with white vinegar / citric acid Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 500 mg/l , Permissible : 2000 mg/lRisks or effectsHardness, scaly deposits, sediment, cloudy colored WATER , staining, salty or bitter taste, corrosion of pipes and fittingsSourcesLivestock waste, septic system Landfills, nature of soil Hazardous waste landfills Dissolved minerals, iron and manganeseTreatmentReverse Osmosis, Distillation, deionization by ion exchange HardnessIS 10500-1991 Desirable :300 mg/l , Permissible : 600 mg/lRisks or effectsScale in utensils and hot WATER system, soap scumsSourcesDissolved calcium and magnesium from soil and aquifer minerals containing limestone or dolomite TreatmentWater Softener Ion Exchanger , Reverse Osmosis Alkalinity IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 200 mg/l , Permissible.

2 600 mg/lit Risks or effectsLow Alkalinity ( high acidity) causes deterioration of plumbing and increases the chance for many heavy metals in WATER are present in pipes, solder or plumbing , landfills Hazardous waste landfillsTreatmentNeutralizing agent Iron, FeIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l , Permissible : mg/lRisks or effectsBrackish color, rusty sediment, bitter or metallic taste, brown-green stains, iron bacteria, discolored beveragesSourcesLeaching of cast iron pipes in WATER distribution systems NaturalTreatmentOxidizing Filter , Green-sand Mechanical Filter Manganese, MnIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l , Permissible : mg/lRisks or effectsBrownish color, black stains on laundry and fixtures at .2 mg/l, bitter taste, altered taste of WATER -mixed beveragesSources Landfills Deposits in rock and soilTreatmentIon Exchange , Chlorination, Oxidizing Filter , Green-sand Mechanical Filter Sulphate, SO4IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 200 mg/l, Permissible : 400 mg/lRisks or effectsBitter, medicinal taste, scaly deposits, corrosion, laxative effects, "rotten-egg" odor from hydrogen sulfide gas formationSources Animal sewage, septic system, sewage By-product of coal mining, industrial waste Natural deposits or salt Sulphate TreatmentIon Exchange , Distillation , Reverse Osmosis Nitrate, NO3- IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 45 mg/l, Permissible : 100 mg/litRisks or effectsMethemoglobinemia or blue baby disease in infantsSourcesLivestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons, fertilizers Household waste WATER , fertilizers FertilizersNatural DepositsTreatmentIon Exchange, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis Chloride, ClIS 10500-1991 Desirable : 250 mg/l , Permissible.

3 1000 mg/lRisks or effectsHigh blood pressure, salty taste, corroded pipes, fixtures and appliances, blackening and pitting of stainless steelSourcesFertilizersIndustrial wastes Minerals, seawaterTreatmentReverse Osmosis , Distillation, Activated Carbon Fluoride, FIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l, Permissible : mg/lRisks or effectsBrownish discoloration of teeth, bone damageSourcesIndustrial waste GeologicalTreatmentActivated Alumina, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis, Ion Exchange Arsenic, AsIS:10500-1991 Desirable: mg/l Permissible: No relaxationRisks or effectsWeight loss; Depression; Lack of energy; Skin and nervous system toxicitySourcesPreviously used in pesticides (orchards)Improper waste disposal or product storage of glass or electronics, Mining RocksTreatmentActivated Alumina Filtration, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation, Chemical Precipitation, Ion exchange, lime softening Chromium, CrIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l, Permissible : No relaxation Risks or effectsSkin irritation, skin and nasal ulcers, lung tumors, gastrointestinal effects, damage to the nervous system and circulatory system, accumulates in the spleen, bones, kidney and liver SourcesSeptic systems Industrial discharge, mining sites GeologicalTreatmentIon Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation Copper, CuIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l, Permissible : mg/lRisks or effectsAnemia, digestive disturbances, liver and kidney damage, gastrointestinal irritations, bitter or metallic taste.

4 Blue-green stains on plumbing fixturesSourcesLeaching from copper WATER pipes and tubing, algae treatment Industrial and mining waste, wood preservatives Natural depositsTreatmentIon Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation CyanideIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l, Permissible : No relaxationRisks or effectsThyroid, nervous system damageSources Fertilizer Electronics, steel, plastics mining TreatmentIon Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, Chlorination Lead, PbIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l, Permissible : No relaxationRisks or effectsReduces mental capacity (mental retardation), interference with kidney and neurological functions, hearing loss, blood disorders, hypertension, death at high levelsSourcesPaint, diesel fuel combustionPipes and solder, discarded batteries, paint, leaded gasolineNatural depositsTreatmentIon Exchange, Activated Carbon , Reverse Osmosis, Distillation Mercury, HgIS 10500-1991 Desirable : mg/l, Permissible : No relaxationRisks or effectsLoss of vision and hearing, intellectual deterioration, kidney and nervous system disorders, death at high levelsSourcesFungicides Batteries, fungicides Mining, electrical equipment, plant, paper and vinyl chloride Natural depositsTreatmentReverse Osmosis, Distillation Zinc, ZnIS 10500-1991 Desirable :5 mg/l, Permissible.

5 15 mg/lRisks or effectsMetallic tasteSourcesLeaching of galvanized pipes and fittings, paints, dyes Natural deposits TreatmentIon Exchange WATER Softeners, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation Total Coliform BacteriaIS 10500-199195% of samples should not contain coliform in 100 ml10 coliform / 100mlRisks or effectsGastrointestinal illnessSourcesLivestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons Household waste waterNaturally occurringTreatmentChlorination , Ultraviolet, Distillation, Iodination BacteriaIS 10500-1991 Nil / 100mlRisks or effectsGastrointestinal illnessSourcesLivestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons Household waste waterNaturally occurringTreatmentChlorination , Ultraviolet, Distillation, Iodination HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ParameterBIS Guideline value (maximum allowable) General & Health effectTotal dissolved solids2000 mg/LUndesirable taste; gastro intestinal irritations; corrosion or mucous membrane; bitter taste; corrosion; affects aquatic lifeAlkalinity600 mg/LBoiled rice turns yellowishHardness600 mg/LPoor lathering with soap; deterioration of the QUALITY of clothes; scale forming; skin irritation; boiled meat and food become poor in qualityCalcium200 Poor lathering and deterioration of the QUALITY of clothes; incrustation in pipes; scale formationMagnesium100 Poor lathering and deterioration of clothes; with sulfate or sometimes bitter taste, color and turbidity; staining of clothes materials; iron bacteria causing taste, color and turbidity; staining; black slime ParameterBIS Guideline value (maximum allowable) General & Health disorders; Alzheimer's damage; mucosal irritation, renal damage and depression; restricts growth of aquatic plantsZinc15 Astringent taste; opalescence in WATER ; gastro intestinal irritation; vomiting, dehydration, abdominal pain, nausea and dizzinessAmmonia-Indicates pollution.

6 Growth of algaeNitrite-Forms nitrosoamines which are carcinogenic Nitrate100 Blue baby disease (methemoglobineamia); algal growthSulfate400 Taste affected; laxative effect; gastro intestinal irritationChloride1000 Taste affected; and skeletal fluorosis; non-skeletal HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ParameterBIS Guideline value (maximum allowable) General & Health effectPhosphate-Algal ; bio-accumulation; central nervous system affected; toxic; causes 'minamata' disease-neurological impairment and renal disturbances; toxic; causes 'itai-itai' disease-painful rheumatic condition; cardio vascular system affected; gastro intestinal upsets and hyper plumbism-tiredness, lassitudes, abdominal discomfort, irritability, anaemia; bio-accumulation; impaired neurological and motor development, and damage to ; ulcerations, respiratory problems and skin central nervous systemDetergent-Undesirable foamingHEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS


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