Water Support Operations - United States Army

1 ATP 4-44/MCRP Water Support Operations October 2015. DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPERSESSION STATEMENT. This publication supersedes FM 10-52 dated 11 July 1990, FM 10-52-1 dated 18 June 1991, and FM 10-115 dated 15 February 1989. Headquarters Department of the army This publication is available at army Knowledge Online ( ). To receive publishing updates, please subscribe at *ATP 4-44/MCRP (FM 10-52). army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 4-44 Department of the army Washington, DC, 2 October 2015. Marine Corps Reference Publication Marine Corps No.

2 Combat Development Command Quantico, VA, 2 October 2015. Water Support Operations Contents Page iv INTRODUCTION .. v Chapter 1 Water Operations OVERVIEW .. 1-1. Water Support Operations .. 1-1. Fundamentals Of Water Treatment .. 1-1. Fundamentals Of Water Supply .. 1-1. Water Storage .. 1-2. Water Distribution and Issue .. 1-2. army Water Organizations And 1-2. Strategic Partners .. 1-2. Operational Headquarters At Echelons Above Brigade .. 1-4. Sustainment Headquarters At Echelons Above 1-5. Brigade Level Water Operations .. 1-7. Marine Corps Water Organizations and Staffs .. 1-8. Chapter 2 Water Support PLANNING.

3 2-1. Water Planning Tools .. 2-1. Consumption Requirements .. 2-2. Water Force Structure Planning .. 2-4. Water Reconnaissance .. 2-4. Deployment and Redeployment Planning .. 2-9. Marine Water Planning .. 2-11. Chapter 3 DEVELOPMENT OF A Water SITE .. 3-1. Water Site 3-1. Water Source 3-3. Chapter 4 Water TREATMENT Operations .. 4-1. Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 10-52 dated 11 July 1990, FM 10-52-1 dated 18 June 1991, and FM 10-115. dated 15 February 1989. i Contents Section I Water Quality .. 4-1. Water Quality Overview.

4 4-1. Field Water Quality Standards .. 4-2. Diseases and Disinfection .. 4-6. Water Treatment Processes .. 4-8. Section II Operator Water Treatment Planning .. 4-17. Petroleum Requirements .. 4-17. Chemical Requirements .. 4-18. Water Treatment Reports .. 4-18. Extreme Weather Considerations .. 4-18. Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear (CBRN) Capability .. 4-18. Water Treatment Safety .. 4-19. Environmental Stewardship Measures .. 4-19. Section III Water Treatment Systems .. 4-19. 125 Gallons Per Hour (GPH) Lightweight Water Purifier (LWP) .. 4-20. 1,500 GPH Tactical Water Purification System (TWPS).

5 4-21. 3,000 GPH Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU) .. 4-22. Marine Corps Water Treatment 4-23. Chapter 5 Water STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, AND ISSUE Operations .. 5-1. Water Storage Operations .. 5-1. Hypo-Chlorination Requirements .. 5-1. Bulk Water Storage Systems .. 5-2. Water Distribution Operations .. 5-4. Water Distribution Systems .. 5-4. Marine Corps Water Storage and Distribution Systems .. 5-7. Water Issue .. 5-9. Safety and Envirionmental Stewardship .. 5-9. Appendix A Water PLANNING FACTOR A-1. Appendix B DEPLOYMENT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS .. B-1. Appendix C COMPUTATIONS FOR Water Support C-1.

6 GLOSSARY .. Glossary-1. References-1. INDEX .. Index-1. Figures Figure 2-1. Notional Water site .. 2-7. Figure 3-1. Turnout .. 3-2. Figure 3-2. Turnaround .. 3-3. Figure 3-3. Stake 3-4. Figure 3-4. Gravel pit method .. 3-5. Figure 3-5. Gravel pit method with bucket .. 3-5. Figure 3-6. Improvised dam .. 3-6. ii ATP 4-44/MCRP 2 October 2015. Contents Figure 3-7. Baffle dam .. 3-6. Figure 3-8. Ocean Intake Structure System (OISS) vertical and horizontal 3-11. Figure 4-1. Water treatment flow chart .. 4-8. Figure 4-2. Reverse osmosis process .. 4-10. Figure 4-3. Reverse osmosis membrane composition .. 4-11.

7 Figure 4-4. Spirally wound reverse osmosis membrane assembly .. 4-11. Figure 4-5. Breakpoint chlorination chart .. 4-17. Figure 4-6. Lightweight Water Purifier (LWP).. 4-20. Figure 4-7. Tactical Water Purification System (TWPS) .. 4-21. Figure 4-8. Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU) .. 4-22. Figure 4-9. Lightweight Water Purification System (LWPS) .. 4-24. Figure 4-10. Marine Corps Tactical Water Purification System (TWPS).. 4-25. Figure 5-1. 40,000 Gallon Water Storage and Distribution System (WSDS) .. 5-2. Figure 5-2. 300,000 Gallon Water Storage and Distribution System (WSDS) .. 5-3. Figure 5-3.

8 Tactical Water Distribution System (TWDS) .. 5-5. Figure 5-4. Forward Area Water Point Supply System (FAWPSS).. 5-5. Figure 5-5. 2,000 Gallon Load Handling System (LHS) Compatible Water Tank Rack System (HIPPO).. 5-6. Figure 5-6. Unit Water Pod System (Camel II) .. 5-6. Figure 5-7. Water Buffalo .. 5-7. Figure 5-8. Six Container (SIXCON) Water Storage Module .. 5-8. Figure 5-9. Six Container (SIXCON) Water Pump Module .. 5-8. Tables Table 2-1. Raw Water source reconnaissance considerations .. 2-8. Table 2-2. Preventive medicine inspections .. 2-10. Table 2-3. Marine Corps Water production and storage.

9 2-11. Table A-1. Standard planning factors related to personnel in force (gal/person/day), conventional theater ..A-2. Table A-2. Standard planning factors related to personnel in force (gal/person/day), integrated theater ..A-2. Table B-1. Deployment planning considerations ..B-1. Table C-1. Water Support formulas .. C-1. Table C-2. Strength of chlorine solutions .. C-1. Table C-3. Chlorine dosage calculator .. C-2. 2 October 2015 ATP 4-44/MCRP iii Preface ATP 4-44/ MCRP provides doctrinal guidance and direction for United States army and United States Marine Corps units conducting Water Support Operations .

10 The techniques provided in this publication are non- prescriptive ways or methods that can be used to perform Water Support missions, functions, or tasks. The principal audience for ATP 4-44/MCRP is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of army and Marine Corps headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military Operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the army and Marine Corps will also use this publication. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure that their decisions and actions comply with applicable United States , international, and in some cases host-nation laws and regulations.