Waterdrive Help - Petroleum Solutions

1 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd, all rights reservedWaterdrive HelpWaterdrivePetroleum Reservoir Waterdrive Analysis Softwareby Petroleum Solutions LtdAll rights reserved. No parts of this work m ay be reproduced in any form or by any m eans - graphic, electronic, orm echanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or inform ation storage and retrieval system s - without thewritten perm ission of the that are referred to in this docum ent m ay be either tradem arks and/or registered tradem arks of therespective owners.

2 The publisher and the author m ake no claim to these tradem every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this docum ent, the publisher and the author assum e noresponsibility for errors or om issions, or for dam ages resulting from the use of inform ation contained in thisdocum ent or from the use of program s and source code that m ay accom pany it. In no event shall the publisher andthe author be liable for any loss of profit or any other com m ercial dam age caused or alleged to have been causeddirectly or indirectly by this docum : Decem ber 2011 Waterdrive Help 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd, all rights reservedWaterdrive Help4 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd, all rights reservedTable of ContentsForeword0 Part IWelcome to 71 IntroductionPart 121 Single Layer Fractional Flow 12 Diffuse Flow Condition.

3 14 Segregated Flow Condition .. 15 Exam ple .. 192 Multi Layer Fractional Flow 19 Introduction .. 20 Heterogeneous w ith Vertical Equilibrium .. 21 Hom ogeneous w ith Vertical Equilibrium .. 23 Stiles Method .. 24 Dykstra-Parsons Method .. 26 Exam ple .. 403 Reverse 41 Exam ple .. 504 Layer AssistantPart 541 Craig's Minimum Number of 542 Craig-Geffen-Morse Recovery 54 Introduction .. 55 Start to Interference .. 56 Interference to Fillup .. 57 Fillup to Water Breakthrough .. 59 Post Water Breakthrough.

4 61 Com posite Layer Perform ance .. 61 Exam ple Part 741 Heterogeneity 782 Dykstra-Parsons and Lorenz 793 Vertical 794 Recovery 80 Sim plified Method .. 80 Extended Method .. 82 Exam ple Part VLog (Water Oil Ratio) 901 Log (WOR) Decline Forecasts5 Contents5 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd, all rights reservedPart VIWater 1051 Vertical 106 Exam ple .. 1112 Horizontal 112 Exam ple Part VIIG eneral 1211 Mobility 1212 Displacement 1213 Areal 1224 Convert Recovery 1235fw WOR 1236 Trapped Gas Saturation and Residual Oil 1257 Recovery 1258 Fit Corey 1279 Units ConversionPart VIIIA pplication and Chart Settings130 Index0 WaterdrivePetroleum Reservoir WaterdriveAnalysis SoftwarePartIWelcome to Waterdrive7 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd.

5 All rights reserved1 Welcome to is a collection of classical Waterdrive calculations and routines intended forPetroleum Reservoir Engineers to :Analyse the water-oil displacement processes for both homogeneous single layer andheterogeneous multi-layered systems, and permit the calculation of waterflood performancewith time for oil recovery, producing watercut and water and interpret the Waterdrive performance of reservoirs, or numerical simulationmodels, from an inspection of their production & injection history, by solving Welge'sequation in the waterflood performance with time for a five-spot pattern, using the approach ofCraig, Geffen.

6 And Morse for relating oil recovery and producing water-oil ratio (WOR) tocumulative injected waterCalculate Dykstra-Parsons and Lorenz Heterogeneity coefficientsCalculate the waterflood performance with time, using two approaches based on the originalwork of Dykstra-Parsons, which also relates oil recovery and producing water-oil ratio(WOR) to cumulative injected water coning in vertical and horizontal wells, determine the critical flow rate, Waterdrive Help8 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd, all rights reservedbreakthrough time predictions and performance calculations after other smaller routines, or general utilities, are provided to allow efficient calculation of mobilityratio, displacement efficiencies, areal sweep, various conversion utilities and fitting Corey curves torelative permeability data.

7 FileThe " " file is located in the Application Startup folder (eg C:\Program Files\PetroleumSolutions\ Waterdrive \)The contents of this ASCII license file needs to contain the following license information.[License Settings]LicensedTO =Company =ProductID =LicenseID =If any of the above License key information is incorrect or absent, or if the file is missingthen the application will fail to FrameworkThe Profile application requires the presence or installation of Microsoft .Net Framework version 2..NET Framework version 2 is a component of the Microsoft Windows operating system used to buildand run Windows-based applications.

8 Should .NET Framework version 2 not be installed on the destination PC then a link is provided below todownload this system software. The user should download and install .NET Framework version 2 beforeattempting to install installation of .Net Framework also requires a minimum software and hardware requirement. Detailsof which are shown below. Specifically, note that you cannot install the .NET Framework on a computerrunning the Microsoft Windows 95 operating requirementsTo install .NET Framework [ ], you must have one of the following operating systems, withMicrosoft Internet Explorer or later installed on your computer.

9 Microsoft Windows 98 Microsoft Windows 98 Second EditionMicrosoft Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)Microsoft Windows NT 4 (Workstation or Server) with Service Pack 6aMicrosoft Windows 2000 (Professional, Server, or Advanced Server) with the latest WindowsWelcome to Waterdrive9 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd, all rights reservedservice pack and critical updates available from the Microsoft Security Web site ( ).Microsoft Windows XP (Home or Professional)Recommended hardwareCPU RecommendedRAM RecommendedPentium 90 MHz or faster96 MB or higherWaterdrivePetroleum Reservoir WaterdriveAnalysis SoftwarePartIIDake-Welge11 2005 - 2011 by Petroleum Solutions Ltd, all rights reserved2 Dake-WelgeImmiscible Displacement in Porous MediaThe analysis and description of the immiscible displacement process by analytical methods are still offundamental importance for the prediction of reservoir behaviour.

10 Despite the ready availability ofnumerical modelling any numerical simulation study an engineer should analyse, by non-numerical means, thedisplacement processes that are considered likely in the Chapter 5 Waterdrive of Dake's "The Practice of Reservoir Engineering", he highlights the need tocaution in applying core flooding experiments directly in numerical simulation studies and the dangers ofconducting these simulation studies in isolation of parallel analytical calculations. An extract fromchapter 5 is given below, in which he states :"There are three levels on which the phenomenon of water-oil displacement can be viewed.