Weathering and Erosion

1 Glencoe ScienceChapter ResourcesWeatheringand ErosionIncludes:Reproducible Student PagesASSESSMENT Chapter Tests Chapter ReviewHANDS-ON ACTIVITIES Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity Laboratory Activities Foldables Reading and Study Skills activity sheetMEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS Directed Reading for Content Mastery Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish Reinforcement Enrichment Note-taking WorksheetsTRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES Section Focus Transparency Activities Teaching Transparency Activity Assessment Transparency ActivityTeacher Support and Planning Content Outline for Teaching Spanish Resources Teacher Guide and AnswersCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Date ClassWeathering and Erosion19 Directions.

2 Use the terms in the list below to complete the concept slidesmudflowscreepmechanicaliceMeeting Individual NeedsDirected Reading forContent MasteryOverviewWeathering and ErosionAgents of erosionWeatheringcaused byice wedging and living organisms isnatural acidsand oxygen of mass movement particles moving downhill, orsediment movingalong curved surfaces, orrock layersbreaking loose, orincludeincludeincludeincludewet sedimentmoving downhill, orName Date Class20 Weathering and ErosionSection 1 Weathering and soil FormationDirections:Write the term that matches each description below on the spaces provided. Then rearrange theboxed letters to answer the final ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ that is a major cause of chemical land features such as flat or and thawing cycle that causes potholes in roads and breaks in of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and produced by some plant that breaks down rocks without changing them formed from water mixing with carbon by chemical reaction of iron and that changes the chemical composition of is the natural process that causes rock to break down?

3 _____Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Reading forContent MasteryMeeting Individual NeedsCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Date ClassWeathering and Erosion21 Directions:For each of the following, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes the called mass movement is caused by major result of heavy rains or melting snow and ice is of different-sized particles left by ice from glaciers is called channels called _____ are cut into Earth s surface when sheets ofwater flow around obstacles and become are the most important agent of Erosion on Directions:Complete the paragraphs by filling in the blanks using the terms listed movementerosionrock slideswaterslump is the wearing away and removal Erosion occurs because , ,wind, and sculpt Earth s surface.

4 Gravity causes differ-ent kinds such as ,creep, and Gravity also causes ,layers of rock breaking loose and sliding down cold regions, snow can accumulate over many years to form huge masses of They can remove rock from mountain tops,leaving depressions called Individual NeedsDirected Reading forContent MasterySection 2 Erosion of Earth sSurfaceName Date Class22 Weathering and ErosionKey TermsWeathering and ErosionDirections:Draw a line to connect the term on the left to its description on the Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Reading forContent MasteryMeeting Individual Needsmixture of weathered rock, organicmatter, water, and airerosion caused by wind that canlower the land s surfacegravity causing rock or sediment tomove downhillthick layers of loose sediment mov-ing downhill along a curved surfaceprocess in which composition ofthe rock changeswearing away and removal of rockmaterialsediments moving slowly downhilldue to freezing and thawingbreaks rocks into pieces withoutchanging their compositionerosion, caused by wind, that produces smooth, polished rockssurface features of land that influence type of soilwater that flows over Earth s surfaceCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies.

5 Date ClassWeathering and Erosion27 Directions:Answer the following questions on the lines is Weathering ? is the principal difference between mechanical Weathering and chemical Weathering ?Directions:Complete the following sentences using the correct causes of mechanical Weathering are ice wedging and Weathering takes place fastest in a _____ and_____ takes place when the composition of the rock minerals in rocks combine with _____ in the air, chemical weatheringtakes _____ is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and lack of thick soils on steep hills is an example of how _____ influencessoil :Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes the wedging occurs because a given amount of ice has a volume (greater than, less than,the same as) an equal amount of growing plant can cause (mechanical, chemical, both mechanical and chemical) (Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen) in air reacts with water to dissolve rocks such as marbleand soils develop quickly where rock weathers (slowly, rapidly, either slowly or quickly).

6 A tropical climate, (sandy soil , clayey soil , humus) plants produce (carbonic acid, tannic acid, rust), which causes Weathering in and SoilFormationMeeting Individual NeedsReinforcement1128 Weathering and ErosionCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Date ClassErosion of Earth s SurfaceDirections:Answer the following questions on the lines is the difference between Weathering and Erosion ? four agents of :Identify each statement as true or false. If the statement is true, write Tin the blank at the left. Ifthe statement is false, change the underlined term to make the statement movement is caused by a flow of rock or sediment along a curved surface, oftendown an eroded are located near the north and south most important agent of Erosion is you see long striations on the surface of a rock, you wouldsuspect mass that flows over Earth s surface is called sheet :Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes the is caused by (glacial Erosion , wind, gravity).

7 Left behind when a glacier melts is called (till, loess, silt).11.(Slump, Mudflow, Creep) is a mass of wet sediment that flows downhill as a result of heavyrain, melting snow and ice, or a wearing down of rocks by blowing sand is called (deflation, grinding, abrasion). the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of Mexico, there is a large accumulation ofsediment called a (cirque, gully, delta). wind lifts and carries off small particles of weathered rock, it is called (deflation,deposition, abrasion).Meeting Individual NeedsReinforcement22 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Date ClassWeathering and Erosion29 Rain Forest would it be difficult to replant trees in an area of tropical rainforest that has been cleared?

8 What do you think would have to be done before this could be attempted? would the soil in a tropical rainforest be different from the soil in a tropical forest that hasa wet season and a dry season?Tropical rain forests are very hot andsteamy places. The average annual tempera-ture is about 25 C. Rainfall is usuallybetween 150 cm and 350 cm per year, withthe greatest rainfalls reaching 900 cm peryear or more. Many different living thingsflourish in these warm, moist conditions, butthere is a difficult side to these conditions,too. While the plentiful rain and warm temperatures nurture a wide variety of plantsand animals, they also make it particularlydifficult for tropical rain forests to recoverfrom problem is that plants and animals cannot use all the water that falls as rain, andthe Sun cannot evaporate the excess , excess water runs off the soil , takingnutrients and organic material with it. As aresult, the layer of soil that contains nutrients isvery of Rapid DecompositionLeaves falling from trees are one of themany factors that influence soil nutrients.

9 Intropical rain forests, different trees shed theirleaves at different times. This means there isonly a thin layer of leaf litter on the ground atany time. Decomposers, such as bacteria andfungi, thrive in hot, wet conditions. The resultis that leaf litter and other sources of nutrientsbreak down quickly. Decomposers often canbreak down dead animals and plants within24 plants take up the nutrients almost assoon as they are released. Rain forest treeshave shallow root systems that allow them toabsorb nutrients from the forest floor. Theydo this so rapidly that nutrients don t havetime to be stored in the soil . Therefore, unlikesoil in temperate forests, the humus layer ofrain forest soil is very of DeforestationAs long as trees and plants growing in forestsoil can quickly absorb the nutrients, many living things can thrive in these rain forests are cleared for farming or cattle grazing, however, the soil can supportcrops or grasses for only a few years.

10 By then,most of the remaining nutrients have beenremoved. The land is then abandoned. The soilis bare and exposed to the effects of rain, heat,and wind. Erosion quickly washes away the top- soil and any remaining nutrients, leaving behinda subsurface layer called laterite. This soil is colored red by aluminum and iron to the hot Sun, this layer can become ashard as concrete. It is nearly impossible for rainforests to regrow under these loggers, farmers, and cattleranchers move to new areas of rain forest anddestruction begins again. In some areas, about2,000 trees per minute are cut down in therain forests. Scientists estimate that an area oftropical rain forest about the size of the stateof Wisconsin is being destroyed every Individual NeedsEnrichment1130 Weathering and ErosionCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Date ClassCanada s LandscapeAbout a million years ago, the climate overwhat is now Canada began to cool, and snowaccumulated to form great ice sheets acrossthe land.