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What is monitoring?

540 Toolkit t o C ombat Tr aff icking in PersonsTool Overview of monitoring and evaluationOver viewThis tool bri efl y describes both m onitorin g and evaluation, and the distinctionbet ween the t is monitoring ? monitoring is a continuing functi on that uses systematic col lect ion of data on speci fic ind i-cators to provide the management and the main stakeholders of an ongoing interventionwit h ind ications of the extent of a chie veme nt of objectives and progress i n the use of all ocated in dicator is a quantitative or qualitative va riabl e that allows changes produced by anintervention relative to what was plann ed to be measured. It provides a reasonably simpleand reliable basis for assessing achievement, change or performance. An indicator is preferably numerical and can be meas ured over ti me to show changes.

chapter 10 Monitoring and evaluation 541 What is evaluation? Evaluation is the systematic and objective assessment of ongoing and/or completed projects, programmes or policies, in respect of their:

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Transcription of What is monitoring?

1 540 Toolkit t o C ombat Tr aff icking in PersonsTool Overview of monitoring and evaluationOver viewThis tool bri efl y describes both m onitorin g and evaluation, and the distinctionbet ween the t is monitoring ? monitoring is a continuing functi on that uses systematic col lect ion of data on speci fic ind i-cators to provide the management and the main stakeholders of an ongoing interventionwit h ind ications of the extent of a chie veme nt of objectives and progress i n the use of all ocated in dicator is a quantitative or qualitative va riabl e that allows changes produced by anintervention relative to what was plann ed to be measured. It provides a reasonably simpleand reliable basis for assessing achievement, change or performance. An indicator is preferably numerical and can be meas ured over ti me to show changes.

2 Indicators, whichare d etermined during the planning phase of a project, usua lly have the followi ng com po nents:1. What is to be measured? (What is going to change? , participants reportinghigh er sch ool at te ndance of girls in a vill age)2. Unit of measurement to be used (to des cribe the change, , percentage)3. Pre-programme st atus (s ometimes called the basel ine , , 40 per cent in 2007)4. Size, magnitude or dimension of intended change ( , 75 per cent in 2008)5. Qualit y or stan dard of the change to be achieved ( , improvement s uch that girlsobtain h igher grades)6. Target populations(s) ( , girl s vulnerable to traffick ing from villages i n southerndis trict)7. Time frame ( , Janu ary 2008 to January 20 09)541chapter 10 monitoring and e valuatio nWh at is evaluation?

3 Evaluation is the systematic and objec tive ass es sment of ongoing and/or completed projects,programmes or policies, in respect of their: Des ig n Implementation Res ultsThe criteria applied in the evaluation are: Obj ectives Effi ciency Effe ctiveness Impact SustainabilityEvaluation emphasi zes the assessment of outcomes and impact rather than the del ivery ofou tpu ts. See the Evaluation Quality Standards a vaila ble g/document/29/0,3343,en _2649_34435 _16557149 _1_1_1_1, for evaluationUnit ed Nations Evaluation GroupIn April 2005, the United Nat io ns Evaluation Grou p is sued norms and standards with avi ew to the harmoniza ti on of evaluation in the United Nations system. The United NationsEvaluation Group no rms seek to facilitate system-wide coll aboration on evaluation, by ens uring that evaluation within the Un ited Nations system abides by agreed-upon basic principles.

4 Intentionality (intent to use evaluation findings) Impartiality Independence Evaluab ili ty Qualit y Competence 542 Toolkit t o C ombat Tr aff icking in Persons Tr an sparen cy and consultation Evaluation ethics Follow-up Contribution to knowled ge buildingThe United Nati ons Evaluation Group norms and standards are ava ila ble in Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish at ri ngEvaluationTimingMonitoring is a co ntinuing Evaluation asses ses t he fun ction that takes pl ace entire project c ug hou t the implementationof a andMonitoring is a regular part Evaluation reviews thepurposeof project or programmeachievements of the proje ct/management. I t focuses onpr ogramme and considers the implementation of thewhether the plan was t he pro ject, comparing what isbe st one to achie ve the delivered w ith what wasout measuresach ievements, as well aspos itive/ negative andintended/ looks for lessonsto be learned from bothsucce ss and lack of success.

5 And als o looks for bestpractices which can beapplied cond ucts itMonitoring is usually doneEvaluation is best conducted by people directly involvedby an independent outsider in implementing the project/who can be impartia l in pro with pr oject/pro gr amme collected and insights gained in the course of monitoringbetweenare then fed into and used by the evaluation itoringand evaluationDi stinguishing between monitoring and eva lua tion543chapter 10 monitoring and e valuatio nRe commended resources The re are vari ous organization s and resources dedicated to the harmonization and improve-ment of monitoring and evaluation. Many of these may offer les sons with respect to themon itoring and evaluation of anti-traffickin g programmes. The following is just a s mall selec-tion of the resources available.

6 How to Build M&E Systems to Support Be tter GovernmentKei th Mackay, World Ban k Independent Evaluation G roup, 2007A resource designed particularly for Governments in developing countries seeking tostr engthen their monitori ng and evaluation systems, this publication in cludes promising mon-itori ng and evaluation syst em practice, as well as diagnosti c guides, examples of evaluationsand other t ool s for strengthening the monitoring and evaluation systems of ef for ts to build monitoring and evaluation systems of Chile, Colombia and Australia,in particular, are considere d, and Africa is given attention as a special cas report can be downloaded in English at and Evaluation: Some To ols , Methods and ApproachesWorld Bank Independent Evaluation Group, 2004 Thi s b ookl et provides an overview of mon itori ng and eval uation tools , methods andapproaches, including data collection methods, analy tical frameworks and types of evalua-tion and re vie w.

7 The purpose, use, advantages and d isadvantages, costs, skill requirements ,tim e requirements and k ey ref erences are provided for: Performanc e i ndi cators The lo gical framework approach Theory-based evaluation Formal surveys Rapid appraisal methods Partic ip atory methods Public expenditure tracking surveys Impact evaluation Cost- bene fit and cost-effectiveness analysisThe booklet i s available in Arabic, English, Frenc h, Portuguese, Russianand Spanish, t o C ombat Tr aff icking in PersonsNetwork on Develop ment Evaluation o f theDevelopment Assistanc e CommitteeTh e Network on Development Evaluation is a subsid iary body of the DevelopmentAssistance Committee supported by the secretariat of the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development.

8 Its purpos e i s to in crease the effectiveness of in ternationalde vel opm ent p rogrammes by su pporti ng their independent eval uation. The network offersa range of publications and documents (incl ud ing bes t practice, guidance documents andman uals to facilitate monito ring and evaluation), as well as a glossary of key terms i n evaluation, in Chinese, E nglish, French, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. The glossar y of terms is available indDocument/0,2350,en_2649_34435_1_11967 8 _1_1_1, ons and documents of the Network on Develop mentEva lu atio n ar e available .org/findDocument/0,3354,en_2649_34435_1 _1_1_1_1, Cooperation GroupThe E valua tion Cooperation Group was fou nded by heads of e valu ation in multilateral devel -opmen t banks to strengthen evaluati on, share les sons , diss emi nate i nformation, harmonizeperfo rmance indicators and ev aluation me thodologies, enha nce c ollaboration between mul-tila teral development ban ks an d bilateral and mul ti lateral development organizati ons, andfacili tate the involvement of borrowing me mber States in evaluati on an d build the ir evalu -ati on capacity.

9 The members of the Evaluation Cooperation Group are the e valua tion en ti ti es of the AfricanDev elopment Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the E uropean Bank for Reconstruc tionand Development, the European Invest ment B ank , the In ter-American Devel opment Bank,the International Monetary Fund and the World B ank. The Un ited Nation s Eval uati onGroup and the Evaluation Net work of the Development Assistance Committee of theOrganizati on f or Eco no mic Cooperation and Development are obs erve r members. Mo re informati on a bout the Evaluation Cooperation Group, as wellas li nks to members and resources can be found at: f/h_Toc/73 ff b2901047 8ff34 825 7290000f43a6i545chapter 10 monitoring and e valuatio nUnit ed Nations Evaluation GroupThe United Nati ons Evaluation Group has iss ued Norms and Standards (see above) thatprovide a reference for strengthening, professionalizing and improving the quality of evalu-at ion in the United Nations system.

10 T hes e norms reflect respect for rights, international values and principles, universality and neutrality, an d in te rnational cooperati on .The United Nations Evaluation Group Norm s a nd Standards are available in Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanis h at recommended r esourcesGovernment of Australia, Australian Agency for Interna tionalDevelop ment, AusGuideline The Logical Fr am ework Appr oach(2005 ), www. aus rope an Commission Humanitarian Aid Department, Aid DeliveryMethods, vol. 1, Project Cycle Managemen t Guidelines (200 4), arch for Common Ground, Designing for Res ults: Int egra tingMonitoring and Evaluation in Conflict Transformation Programs(2 006), ish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)


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