What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of ...

1 What Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhoneticsDarrell LarsenLinguistics 101 Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsOutline1 What Is Phonetics? 2 Phonetic TranscriptionPhonetic AlphabetTranscription3 Articulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsWhat Is Phonetics? Definitionthe study of speech soundsThe Branches of Phonetics1acoustic(the physics of sound)2auditory(how the ear processes sound)3articulatory(how we produce speech sounds)Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulatory PhoneticsWe will examine the following questions:How can we accurately transcribe speech sounds?

2 What speech organs are involved in speech production?How do we manipulate the flow of air to produce sounds?Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionWhy Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet?Linguists use a Phonetic Transcription system to record this class, we will use the International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)QuestionWhy not just use the Roman alphabet?Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionWhy Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet?Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionWhy Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet? english c [k]catcordcupCzech c [ts]co what V aclav(name)t ricet thirty Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ?

3 Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionWhy Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet? a ballsandmake t tallstoplaterpatiencetrainDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionWhy Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet? ea healthwealthstealth ck backbucketcrackedDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionWhy Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet? e latescience h hourblahblahblah k kneeknifeDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionWhy Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet? english Vowel Letters a, e, i, o, u english Vowel Soundsbeatbitboughtbetbootbullbutbulemic bog*birdbowboutbidebikeboybateboatDarrel l LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ?

4 Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)About the IPAC ontains symbols to represent all sounds from all languages1-to-1 correspondence between sounds and symbolsIncludes diacritics to indicate tone, stress, symbols from or based on Latin and Greek alphabetsNot the only Phonetic alphabet in useDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)IPA Pulmonic consonant ChartFull IPA chart available at: (C) *Note thatLanguage Fileshas slightly different categories in some cases. We will follow the LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionTranscription ExamplesTranscriptions ways [weIz] Sprite [sp AIt] that [D t] achieve [@tSiv] energetic [En "dZER@k] spelling [spElIN] use [jus] cowboy [khAUbOI] pudding [phURIN]Free VariationIn some instances, there can be some variation in thepronunciation.

5 Cat [kh t] or [kh t^] or [kh P]Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionAspirationSome english sounds areaspiratedin certain pet [phEt] tea [thi] cat [kh t] bet [bEt] deep [dip] gift [gIft] spot [spAt] stuck [st2k] scar [skA ] whip [wIp] sat [s t] beak [bik]QuestionWhich sounds in english can be aspirated?What do these sounds have in common?In which Phonetic environment(s) are these sounds aspirated?Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionFlappingWhat we spell with t , tt , d , dd is often not [t] or [d],but rather the flap [R]QuestionIn which Phonetic environment(s) does the flap appear?Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsPhonetic AlphabetTranscriptionTranscription NotesPhonetic transcriptions are written in square brackets [ ].

6 Transcribe words based onsound, not t use a schwa ([@]) in stressed and lowercase letters morphemes, like past tense -ed, are not alwayspronounced the a syllable lacks a vowel, be sure to use a syllable marker( kitten [khIPn"])Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesHow Consonants Are ArticulatedThe Articulation of consonants involves the complete or partialconstriction of airflow within the vocal Features of english Consonants1place of Articulation (place of airflow obstruction)2manner of Articulation (manner of airflow obstruction)3voicing(vibration/nonvibrat ion of vocal cords)Charts are available on the back cover or your book. Be sure to note the additions I LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ?

7 Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesPlaces of ArticulationSource: [Bergmann et al., 2007, p. 49]Source: [Ladefoged & Maddieson, 1996, p. 13]Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesPlaces of ArticulationPlaces of Articulation Used in English1bilabial2labiodental3interdental 4alveolar5postalveolar6palatal7velar8glo ttalDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesManners of ArticulationManners of Articulation Used in English1plosive (= stop)2fricative3affricate4flap*(add this row to your book s chart!)5nasal6liquid (lateral and retroflex)7glideDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ?

8 Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesVoicingVoicing Parameters Used in English1voiced(vibration)2voiceless(no vibration)Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesHow Vowels Are ArticulatedVowels are produced with a relatively open vocal tract, lackingany significant Features of english Vowels1height2tongue advancement3tensenessAdditional Vowel Featureslip roundingDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesHeightRefers to the relative heightof the relevant part of thetongueVowels may be:1high2mid3lowDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ?

9 Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesTongue AdvancementRefers to relative advancement of the tongue bodyVowels may be:1front2central3backDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesTensenessRefers to relative tenseness of the lip and/or tongue musclesVowels may be:1tense2laxDarrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesLip RoundingRefers to whether the lips are rounded or unroundedVowels may be:1rounded2unroundedEnglish has rounded and unrounded vowels, but lip rounding isnot adistinguishing featurein LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ?

10 Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesMonophthongsMonophthongs are simple vowel [e] and [o], american english contains the followingmonophthongs:(Add [e] and [o] to your book s chart. You will need to know their features.)Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesDiphthongsMonophthongs are complex vowel sounds, transitioning fromone vowel to english contains the following diphthongs:Darrell LarsenPhoneticsWhat Is phonetics ? Phonetic TranscriptionArticulation of SoundsArticulation of ConsonantsArticulation of VowelsOther LanguagesA Note on Other LanguagesThe set of distinctions listed above is not distinctions found in english are not relevant in alllanguages.