Why Logistics is Central to Disaster Management

1 BereichLogistikHumanitarian Logistics :Why Logistics is Central to Disaster ManagementJennifer Schwarz | Martin KesslerResearch AssociatesBerlin University of TechnologyBereichLogistik 312 profe ssorships (inc. Junior professorships) re se arch associates stude nts,the reof international students (20%) stude nt assistants av e rage 31 Habilitations per ye ar since 2000 av e rage 410 Promotions per ye ar since 2000 Budge t 2008: 259,6 M io. Third-party-funds 2008: 81,0 M io. TOP 10 third-party-funded universities in Ge rmany M ore than research projects 110 re se arch cooperations with renowned inte rnational universities in more than 30 countriesBerlin University of Technology (TU Berlin)BereichLogistikPART ONE: INTRODUCTION TOHUMANITARIAN LOGISTICSB ereichLogistikEpic Disasters Covered by the MediaHurricane Katrina 2005 casualtieseconomic damage 125 bil.

2 US$Haiti Earthquake 2010 casualtiesEconomic damage 8 bil. US$BereichLogistikThreat of Life Through Natural DisastersSource: Em-Dat casualties and affected people per casualties and affected people per habitants and more casualties and affected people per habitantsBereichLogistikEconomic Damage through Natural DisastersSources: Em-Dat 2010, maplecroft 2009up to 3 bil. US$ per year 3 to 6 bil. US$ per yearmore than 6 bil US$ per yearBereichLogistikScope on the Southern African RegionSource: Em-Dat 2010 Botsw anaNamibiaSouth Af ricaAngolaZambiaAngola# of disasters(1)31 Types of most significant disasters drought, epidemic, floodTotal nb of deaths4,131 Maximum affected331,700 (flood, 2004)South Africa# of disasters35 Types of most significant disasters epidemic flood, storm, droughtTotal nb of deaths393 Maximum affected15,000,000 (drought,2004)Zambia# of disasters19 Types of most significant disasters drought, epidemic, floodTotal nb of deaths541 Maximum affected1,400,000 (flood, 2007)Botswana# of disasters7 Types of most significant disasters drought, epidemic, floodTotal nb of deaths472 Maximum affected138,776(flood, 2000)

3 Namibia# of disasters15 Types of most significant disasters drought, epidemic, floodTotal nb of deaths308 Maximum affected350,000 (flood, 2009)(1) A Disaster is defined when at least one of the following criteria is fulfilled:10 or more people reported killed / 100 people reported affected / a call for international assistance / declaration of a state of emergencyBereichLogistikDisaster ReliefDevelopm entAidHum anitarian AidAdministration andPersonnelWarehousing and Transportation65 ProcurementVolume and Structure of the humanitarian SectorCost Distribution in percentageSources: Kov acs und Spens 2010, Schulz 200920100901015 Why Logistics ?BereichLogistikHumanitarian Logistics definition by Thomas: humanitarian Logistics is defined as the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of goods and materials, as well as related information, from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of alleviating the suffering of vulnerable definition by TU Berlin: humanitarian Logistics what is it?

4 Source: Thomas 2003 Disaster ReliefReconstruction and RehabilitationSocial and Economic DevelopmentShort Te rmLong Te rmBereichLogistikCommercial vs. humanitarian Logistics : Some AspectsComme rcial Supply ChainHumanitarian Re lief Chain Strategic Goalsm axim ize profitability and achieve high custom er inim ize loss of life and alleviate sufferingWhat is Dem and ?products and servicessupplies and peopleDem and Patternrelatively stable, m ostly predictablehighly variable and unpredictable in term s of tim ing , location, type, and sizeDistributionNetworkswell-defined m ethods for determ ining the num ber and locations of distributions centerschallenging due to the nature of the unknowns (locations, type, and size of events, politics, and culture)

5 , and last m ile considerations Inventory Controlwell-defined m ethods for determ ining inventory levels based on lead tim e, dem and and target custom er service control is challenging due to the highvariations in lead tim es, dem ands and demand ation Systemholistic, using advanced ation is often unreliable, incom plete or in NGOs lack consistency and transparencyPerform ance Measurem entSystemfocused on resource perform ance m easures, such as ROI, turn over on output perform ance m easures, such as tim e required to respond to a Disaster or ability to m eet the needs of the disasterSources: Beamon 2004 BereichLogistikDifferent phases of Disaster reliefSource: modified from Petit & Beresford 2006 RecoveryResponsePreparednessimpactLesson s learnedBereichLogistik Urgency of help Situation assessment Access to affected areas Availability of Logistics capacities Tracking of goods and supplies Transparency of donations Rebuild infrastructure Responsibilities Coordination Pre-positioning of stocks Logistics capacity building Cross-organizational learning Information and knowledge Ex post evaluation Develop systems, tools and staffChallengesRecoveryResponsePreparedn essimpactLessons learnedBereichLogistikPART TWO.

6 CASE STUDY ANDDISCUSSIONB ereichLogistik05000010000015000020000025 0000300000350000200020012002200320042005 20062007200820092010 Impact of floods 2000 - 2010affected peopleFloods in Namibia1059075604530150fatalitiesSource: Em-Dat 2010 & IFRC 2010 BereichLogistik20082003 Source: affected regions during the last 10 years20072005200920042009200620082010201 02008200620042009 BereichLogistikDisastersDensityMalaria infectionWater accessChallenges and contradictions in the northern part of NamibiaBereichLogistikFlood 2009: A brief overviewSource: : ukSource: com Six regions in northern and north eastern regions were affected people were affected, more than100 people died, been displaced 70 80 %loss of crop production Inaccessible health facilites due to destroyed roads Limited access to food markets increased prices by37 % Increased transport costs by50 % due to destroyed and submerged roads US$ 241 Milliondue to damages and losses (World Bank)

7 Outbreak of Cholera in Kunene regionBereichLogistik Lack of standard definition of who is affected Measurements to guide national and international relief efforts Lack of an effective flood early warning system Failure to pre-position emergency relief materials at strategic sites Inadequate staff skills in Disaster Logistics Inadequate warehouse spacesFlood 2009: Challenges Lack of sustainable and Disaster -resilient infrastructure Inadequate communication facilities within the outlying facilitiesInformation availabilityLogistics capacityInfrastructureBereichLogistikHow to tackle this challenges?The better prepared the more effective the response Government, Districts, CommunitiesNGOs, IGOsPrivate sectorWHO ?

8 HOW?Create and establish short-and long-term activitiesPre parednessRe sponseEnsure coordination and cooperation between each element WHERE?Human ressourcesKnowledgemanagementOperation andprocessmanagementFinanceBereichLogist ikPermanent partnership between TNT and WFP Moving the World since 2002 Over the past five years, TNT has supported WFP in relief operations in countries all over the world providing 550 staff members as well as trucks, warehouses, airlifts and boat of the partnership Free training for locals, know-how transfer and fundraising money for WFP Provision of emergency response teams within less than 48 hours to assist in humanitarian emergencies by TNT in Aviation, Warehousing, Transportation, Reporting and CommunicationBenefits for both parties: Win-win situation Best practice example.

9 TNT & WFP Act more responsible and enable sustainable aid and assitance torapidly respond to emergenciesBereichLogistik Long term strategies facilitating short term response: promote capacity building and training preposition stocks encourage research and education in humanitarian Logistics promote cooperation between humanitarians, business and academics develop a common language among the involved parties design emergency plans and standard proceduresImplications and conclusionsWhen a Disaster strikes it is already toolate to develop solutionsdisaster relief is up to 80 percent logisticscostsBereichLogistikAny questions?Emergency depot