Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook

1 2011 Bureau of aeronautics Wisconsin Department of Transportation 6/1/2011 Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook ii Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 This page intentionally left blank Wisconsin Department of Transportation Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook iii Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 Preface Welcome to the Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook (2011 edition).

2 This revised Guidebook is designed to help communities and airports work cooperatively to plan for and establish compatible land use around airports and work towards mitigating existing incompatible conditions. Land use compatibility is a significant, yet often unrecognized, factor in aviation safety. When asked to describe an Airport safety-related matter, many people refer to the perimeter fencing or the security checkpoint within an air carrier Airport . Seldom does the average citizen recognize that bright lights, residential developments, wetlands, and tall towers pose hazards to airports, their users, and nearby residents.

3 The goal of this Guidebook is to protect communities and airports from incompatible land use that could negatively affect the safe operation of airports and pose hazardous consequences to the public. In this Guidebook , stakeholders will find information and resources that may help them direct the future development of their communities and airports. Stakeholders who might find this Guidebook useful include Airport and community planners; Airport owners and managers; zoning administrators; local, state, and regional agency officials; developers; legislators; and the general public.

4 Iv Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 Contents List of Figures .. vi Chapter 1 Introduction .. 1 Purpose of this Guidebook .. 2 Importance of the Aviation Industry .. 3 Classification and Distribution of Wisconsin s Airports .. 5 Summary .. 8 Chapter 2 The Importance of Establishing Compatible Land Use around Airports .. 10 Safety Concerns .. 10 FAA Safety Standards .. 17 Noise Concerns .. 24 FAA Noise Standards .. 26 Summary .. 27 Chapter 3 Land Use Incompatibility Concerns.

5 28 Safety-Related Concerns .. 28 Noise-Related Concerns .. 32 Summary .. 32 Chapter 4 Land Use Regulations and Guidance .. 34 Federal Laws and Policies .. 34 State Laws and Policies .. 37 Summary .. 42 Chapter 5 Roles and Responsibilities for Establishing Compatible Land Use .. 43 Federal Government .. 43 State Government and Regional Organizations .. 45 Local Governments .. 46 Airport Owners and Managers .. 47 Airport Users .. 47 Citizens .. 48 Summary .. 49 Chapter 6 Techniques for Establishing Compatible Land Use .. 50 Planning and Zoning Tools .. 50 Natural Feature Techniques.

6 52 Wisconsin Department of Transportation Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook v Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 Land Acquisition and Agreement Techniques .. 57 Noise Mitigation .. 61 Summary .. 62 Summary .. 66 Appendix A: Additional Land Use Regulations and Guidance .. 67 Planning-Related Regulations and Guidance .. 67 Environment-Related Regulations and Guidance .. 68 Land Acquisition-Related Regulations and Guidance .. 73 Noise-Related Regulations and Guidance .. 74 Case Law.

7 75 Appendix B: Sample Land Use Ordinances .. 76 Appendix C: Agency Contacts .. 78 Glossary .. 81 Acronyms .. 92 Reference .. 93 vi Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 List of Tables Table 1-1: Total 2002 Economic Significance of the Aviation Industry in Wisconsin .. 5 Table 1-2: NPIAS Airport Functional Categories .. 6 Table 1-3: Wisconsin Airports in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) .. 7 Table 1-4: Wisconsin Airport Functional Categories .. 8 Table 2-1: General Aviation and Commercial Aircraft Accident Data.

8 12 Table 2-2: Accidents by Phase of Operation: General Aviation Aircraft .. 13 Table 2-3: Accidents by Phase of Operation: Air Carriers .. 13 Table 2-4: Most Common Causes of Commercial Service Aviation Accidents .. 17 Table 2-5: FAR Part 77 Dimensional Requirements .. 19 Table 2-6: Runway Safety Area and Object Free Area Dimension Requirements .. 24 Table 3-1: Population Densities by Building Type .. 31 Table 3-2: Compatible Land Uses within FAR Part 77 Surfaces and FAA Safety Areas .. 33 Table 6-1: Compatible Tree Heights .. 53 Table 6-2: Wisconsin Tree Height Index .. 54 Table 6-3: Land Acquisition Options for Establishing Compatible Land Use.

9 58 Table 6-4: Techniques for Establishing Compatible Land Uses Around Airports .. 63 Table 6-5: Stakeholder Communication Directory .. 64 List of Figures Figure 1-1: Outagamie County Regional Airport , Appleton, WI .. 1 Figure 1-2: Burnett County Airport , Siren, WI .. 2 Figure 1-3: Sawyer County Airport , Hayward, WI .. 4 Figure 1-4: Wisconsin Airport System .. 9 Figure 2-1: Typical Airport Traffic Pattern .. 11 Figure 2-2: Proximity of Aviation Accidents to Nearest Airport .. 12 Figure 2-3: Arrival Accidents .. 14 Figure 2-4: Take-off Accidents .. 16 Figure 2-5: FAR Part 77 Surfaces- Profile View.

10 20 Figure 2-6: FAR Part 77 Surfaces- Plan View .. 21 Figure 2-7: Runway Protection Zone .. 23 Figure 2-8: Runway Safety Areas and Object Free Areas .. 23 Figure 3-1: Man-Made Pond Near End of Runway .. 30 Figure 5-1: Park Falls Municipal Airport , Park Falls, WI .. 49 Figure 6-1: Tall trees surround the Manitowish Waters Airport , Manitowish Waters, WI .. 53 Figure 6-2: Land Use Compatibility Planning Steps .. 65 Wisconsin Department of Transportation Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook 1 Wisconsin Airport Land Use Guidebook June 2011 Chapter 1 Introduction Wisconsin has a diverse aviation system of more than 130 public use airports.