Transcription of Word Formation: Prefixes & Suffixes - Sharif
1 ENGLISH FOR COMPUTER SCIENCEEXTRA NOTES #3 EHSAN AKHGARIOCTOBER 2007 Word Formation: Prefixes & SuffixesIntroduction10/17/2007 Sharif University of Technology2 Word formation in English: Examples: programmer: program + er (someone who programs) underestimate: under + estimate (estimate somebody/something too little) unrecognizable: un + recognize + able (cannot be recognized)prefixstemsuffixInterpreting the Meaning of Prefixes and Suffixes10/17/2007 Sharif University of Technology3 Prefixes usually change the meaning of a word Examples: unpleasant interactive Suffixes usually change the part of speech of the word Examples: pleasantly active Be careful when interpreting the meanings based on Prefixes and Suffixes .
2 It is easy to misjudge Examples: September, October, November, DecemberPrefixes10/17/2007 Sharif University of Technology4 Prefixes can be categorized as below Negative and positive Size Location Time and order NumberNegative and Positive PrefixesThis prefix type is used to change the meaning of the stem negatively or University of TechnologyPrefixes of SizeThis prefix type is used to aggregate the meaning of a stem with a size , partlysemiconductorequi-equalequidistant mini-smallminicomputermicro-very smallmicrocomputermacro-mega-large, greatmacroeconomicsmegabyte610/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyPrefixes of LocationThis prefix type is used to aggregate the meaning of a stem with a location , amonginterface.
3 Interactiveintra-within, inside ofintranetsuper-oversupersonictrans-acro sstransmit, transferex-outexclude, extrinsicin-insideinclude, intrinsicextra-beyondextraordinarysub-un dersubschemainfra-belowinfra-red, infrastructureperi-aroundperipheral710/1 7/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyPrefixes of Time and OrderThis prefix type is used to aggregate the meaning of a stem with a time or an order , primitivepost-afterpostdatedretro-backwa rdretroactive810/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyPrefixes of NumbersThis prefix type is used to aggregate the meaning of a stem with a number or count (em)-sevenSeptemberoct-eightoctaldec-ten decimalmulti-manymultiplexor, multidimensional910/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyOther PrefixesThis prefix type includes the Prefixes which cannot be categorized into any of the aforementioned , in advanceforwardprogramprogressauto-selfau tomaticautobiographyautographco-con-toge ther, withcoordinateconnect1010/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologySuffixes10/17/2007 Sharif University of Technology11 Suffixes can be categorized as below noun - forming Verb- forming Adverb- forming Adjective-formingNoun- forming SuffixesThis suffix type creates nouns from the stems (usually verbs).
4 PrefixMeaningExamples-ancestateperforman ce-encequality ofindependence-er, -ora person whoa thing whichprogrammer, operatorcompiler, accumulator-ist, -ysta person whoanalyst, typist-ianpertaining toelectrician-tion,-ationthe act ofcompilation-nesscondition ofreadiness-ionaction/stateconversion-in gactivitymultiplexing-mentstate, actionmeasurement-itystate, qualityelectricity-ismcondition/statemag netism-domdomain/conditionkingdom, freedom-shipcondition/staterelationship, partnership1210/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyVerb- forming SuffixesThis suffix type creates verbs from the makecomputerizeautomate, activate, calculatesimplifyharden, widen1310/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyAdverb- forming SuffixesThis suffix type creates adverbs from the the manner ofelectronically, logically, comparably, helpfully1410/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyAdjective- forming SuffixesThis suffix type creates adjectives from the the quality ofcomputational, logicalcircularmagnetic, automaticelectrical-able-iblecapable of beingcomparabledivisible-ouslike, full ofdangerous-fulcharacterized byhelpful-lesswithoutcareless-ishlikeyel lowish-ed-ivehaving the quality ofcomputedinteractive1510/17/2007 Sharif University of TechnologyReferences10/17/2007 Sharif University of Technology16 K.
5 Boeckner, P. Charles Brown. Oxford English for Computing, Oxford University Press, 1996 Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th editio
