WORKING DRAWINGS HANDBOOK - Egypt Arch

1 WORKING DRAWINGS HANDBOOK . This page intentionally left blank WORKING DRAWINGS . HANDBOOK . Fourth Edition Keith Styles and Andrew Bichard Architectural Press An imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP. 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803. First published 1982. Second edition 1986. Third edition 1995. Reprinted 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003. Fourth edition 2004. Copyright 2004, Keith Styles and Andrew Bichard. All rights reserved The right of Keith Styles and Andrew Bichard to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

2 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage ( ), by selecting Customer Support'.

3 And then Obtaining Permissions'. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 6372 3. For information on all Architectural Press publications visit our website at Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, King's Lynn, Norfolk WORKING together to grow libraries in developing countries | | Contents Introduction 1.

4 1 The structure of information 2. 2 The general arrangement drawing 35. 3 Component, sub-component and assembly DRAWINGS 61. 4 Drawing the set 88. 5 WORKING drawing management 113. Appendix 1 Building elements and external features 145. Appendix 2 Conventions for doors and windows 148. Appendix 3 Symbols indicating materials 150. Appendix 4 Electrical, telecommunications and fire protection symbols 152. Appendix 5 Non-active lines and symbols 156. Appendix 6 Glossary of CAD terms 158. Index 161. v This page intentionally left blank Introduction This book had its origins in the series of articles of the It had been hoped at the outset to illustrate the book with same name published in the Architects' Journal in 1976 actual DRAWINGS taken from live projects, but for various and 1977.

5 My thanks are due therefore to my fellow reasons this proved to be impracticable. Invariably the contributors to that series, Patricia Tutt, Chris Daltry scale was wrong, or the drawing was too big, or was too and David Crawshaw, for many stimulating discussions profusely covered with detail irrelevant to the immediate during its production, and to the Architects' Journal for purpose. In the event the DRAWINGS in the book have allowing me to reproduce material from it. The text of been drawn for it especially, or have been redrawn for it the first edition, however, was completely rewritten, from source material provided by others.

6 My thanks for and responsibility for the views expressed and providing such material are due to Messrs Oscar Garry recommendations made therein were mine and Partners, the Department of Health and Social alone. Security, Messrs Kenchington Little and Partners, Autodesk Ltd and the Property Services Agency. Thanks The development of CAD since publication of the are also due to The British Standards Institution, The third edition has led to a major revision and up-dating Royal Institute of British Architects, and the Construction to include details of the application of the latest Project Information Committee for permission to use CAD techniques to the whole field of production material for which they hold the copyright.

7 DRAWINGS . This has led to the introduction as collaborator of Andrew Bichard, the well-known A final caveat: the illustrations have been selected . architect and writer on CAD topics, who is an indeed, in many instances devised solely for their acknowledged leader in the field. He has written the function in illustrating points made in the text, and are sections on CAD, and in particular all the CAD not presented as WORKING details to be used for any DRAWINGS have been produced by him. other purpose. 1. CHAPTER. The structure of information 1. No one who has delivered DRAWINGS to site and overhead omissions items of information accidentally the foreman's jocular reference to a fresh set of comics missing having arrived' will deny that the quality of architects' poor presentation ( the drawing or set of WORKING DRAWINGS in general is capable of improvement.)

8 DRAWINGS was complete but confusing to read). In some measure we have all of us suffered more or less justifiable accusations of inaccuracy, inadequacy and Analysis of this list suggests that the defects spring from incomprehensibility; and yet DRAWINGS are prepared and different causes some from an inadequate issued with the best of intentions. Few offices deliberately understanding of the user's needs, some from an skimp the job, despite economic pressures and time undisciplined approach to the problems of presenting a constraints, for the consequences of inadequate or complex package of information, and some from faulty incorrect information being passed to the builder loom project management procedures.

9 That the problems frighteningly behind every contract. We do our genuine seem to arise more frequently in relation to architects'. best, and still things go wrong which might have been DRAWINGS than to those of other disciplines merely avoided; still information is found to be missing, or vague, illustrates how the difficulty is compounded by or incorrect ( ). the complicated nature of the architect's work and the diversity of the information they have to provide. The The UK Building Research Establishment paper structural engineer need only adopt a simple cross- WORKING DRAWINGS in use' lists a depressing number of referencing system to enable him to link any structural defects which the authors found giving rise to site member back to a general arrangement drawing; but for queries.

10 Those defects included: an architect economically to give precise and simply uncoordinated DRAWINGS ( information from understood directions about, say, a door set involving a different sources found to be in conflict) range of variables which include door, frame, architrave, errors items of information incorrect finishes, materials and ironmongery a communications failures in transmission ( information produced method of some complexity will be required. Where is and available but not put in the right hands) such a method to be found ( )? 2. The structure of information Hellman's view of the problem Problems of communication comprehensive and sufficiently detailed for its purpose The HANDBOOK of Architectural Practice and easily retrievable from the mass of other information Management (published by the Royal Institute of British with which, inevitably, it will be combined.)