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World Social Report 2021 Reconsidering Development

World Social Report 2021 ReconsideringRuralDevelopment World Social Report 20212 Department of Economic and Social AffairsThe World Social Report is a flagship publication of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA).UN DESA is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, Social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department s mission is to promote and support international cooperation in the pursuit of sustainable Development for all. Its work is guided by the universal and transformative 2030 Agenda for Sus-tainable Development , along with a set of 17 integrated Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.

Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 even more difficult. Through response and recovery efforts, however, opportunities exist to build a greener, more inclusive and resilient future.

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Transcription of World Social Report 2021 Reconsidering Development

1 World Social Report 2021 ReconsideringRuralDevelopment World Social Report 20212 Department of Economic and Social AffairsThe World Social Report is a flagship publication of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA).UN DESA is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, Social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department s mission is to promote and support international cooperation in the pursuit of sustainable Development for all. Its work is guided by the universal and transformative 2030 Agenda for Sus-tainable Development , along with a set of 17 integrated Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.

2 UN DESA s work addresses a range of crosscutting issues that affect peoples lives and livelihoods, such as Social policy, poverty eradication, employment, Social inclusion, inequalities, population, indigenous rights, macroeconomic policy, Development finance and cooperation, public sector innovation, forest policy, climate change and sustainable Development . United Nations publicationCopyright United Nations, 2021 All rights reservedS T/ E S A /376 Sales no.: : 978 -92-1-130 424 -4eISBN: 978-92-1-604062-8 Print ISSN: 2664-5467 Online ISSN: 2664-5475 FOREWORD3 ForewordThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused immense suffering around the World .

3 It has taken millions of lives, reversed decades of Development progress, exacerbated gender inequality and made the task of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals ( sdgs ) by 2030 even more response and recovery efforts , however, opportunities exist to build a greener, more inclusive and resilient future. The experience of the pandemic has shown, for example, that where high-quality Internet connectivity is coupled with flexible working arrangements, many jobs that were traditionally considered to be urban can be performed in rural areas change has opened up new opportunities for rural Development , which is fundamental to achieving the sdgs .

4 Some 67 per cent of the populations of low-income countries and 60 per cent of lower-middle-income countries are rural. Rural areas contain most of the planet s natural capital, which is currently being depleted and degraded. Furthermore, about 80 per cent of those below the poverty line live in rural areas, and about one-fifth of rural people live in extreme poverty a rate that is four times higher than for the urban this context, the World Social Report 2021 calls for a reconsideration of rural Development , aimed at ending the rural-urban divide and better protecting the health of the planet. It calls for renewed attention to in situ urbani-zation as a model of rural Development that can both raise the living standards of rural people and mitigate urban ills.

5 It also urges greater investment in sustainable agriculture and infrastructure and expanding rural access to the Internet, since rural household access is generally half that of urban commend this Report to all policymakers and other stakeholders committed to ending the rural-urban divide and accelerating efforts to deliver the Sustainable Development nio GuterresSecretary-General of the United Nations World Social Report 20214 AcknowledgementsThe World Social Report is the flagship publication of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) on major Social Development the general guidance of Liu Zhenmin, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, and Elliott Harris, Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development and Chief Economist, S.

6 Nazrul Islam, Officer-in-Charge of the Development Research Branch of the Economic Analysis and Policy Division (EAPD) in UN DESA, led the core team of the 2021 Report , comprising Hoi Wai Jackie Cheng, Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Nicole Hunt, Kenneth Iversen, Alex Julca, Hiroshi Kawamura, Martijn Kind, Marcelo LaFleur and Yern Fai Lee. Deniz Susar of UN DESA provided substantive inputs while Kostas Stamoulis and Lucas Tavares of FAO; and Neil Foster-McGregor of UNU-MERIT provided comments and advice on chapter II. Marta Roig and Wenyan Yang of the Division for Inclusive Social Development (DISD) of UN DESA provided guidance and advice in preparing chapter III.

7 Maren Jimenez, Jonathan Perry and Julie Pewitt of UN DESA; Gala Dahlet, Ana Paula De la O Campos, Lourdes Marie Orlando, Libor Stloukal and Leo Tornarolli of FAO; and Theadora Swift Koller of WHO reviewed and provided comments on the analysis contained in the Report is based in part on background papers prepared by independent experts Ray Asada, Ephraim Nkonya, Mark Rosegrant and Ali Zafar. In addition, we are grateful for the support from our colleagues in EAPD, namely Leah Kennedy, Israel Macha-do, Gerard Francis Reyes, Gabe Scelta and Nancy Settecasi. The cover was designed by Parvati McPheeters and the Report was edited by Mary Lee NOTES5 Explanatory notesThe following abbreviations have been used.

8 AI artificial intelligenceCIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesEEA European Environment AgencyELCI Environment Liaison Centre InternationalFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGDP gross domestic productGNI gross national incomeGVC/s global value chain/sICT information and communication technologyIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFPRI International Food Policy Research InstituteILO International Labour OrganizationIPBES Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem ServicesIPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRP International Resource PanelITU International Telecommunication UnionLDCs least developed countriesm3 cubic metresOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOPHI Oxford Poverty and Human Development InitiativePPP purchasing power paritySAR Special Administrative RegionSDG/s Sustainable Development Goal/sSIDS small island developing StatesUN DESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNECA United Nations Economic Commission for AfricaUNECE United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUNECLAC United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanUNEP

9 United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNESCWA United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western AsiaUN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements ProgrammeUNICEF United Nations Children s FundWFP World Food ProgrammeWHO World Health OrganizationWRI World Resources InstituteWWAP World Water Assessment ProgrammeThe following symbols have been used in the tables throughout the Report : A minus sign indicates deficit or decrease, except as full stop is used to indicate slash between years indicates a crop year or financial year, for example, 2020/21.

10 Use of an en-dash between years, for example, 2020 2021, signifies the full period involved, including the beginning and end to dollars ($) indicates United States dollars, unless otherwise and percentages in tables do not necessarily add to totals, because of designations employed and the presentation of the material in this present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The term country as used in the text of this Report also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas.


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