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1 Structural Engineer sPocket BookThis Page Intentionally Left BlankStructural Engineer sPocket BookFiona CobbAMSTERDAM boston heidelberg london NEW YORK OXFORDPARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYOE lsevier Butterworth-HeinemannLinacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP200 Wheeler Rd, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2004 Copyright 2004, Fiona Cobb. All rights reservedThe right of Fiona Cobb to be identified as the author of thiswork has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988No part of this publication may be reproduced in anymaterial form (including photocopying or storing inany medium by electronic means and whether or nottransiently or incidentally to some other use of thispublication) without the written permission of thecopyright holder except in accordance with theprovisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by theCopyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham CourtRoad, london , England W1T 4LP.

2 Applications forthe copyright holder s written permission to reproduceany part of this publication should be addressed tothe publisherPermissions may be sought directly from Elsevier s Scienceand Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK:phone: ( 44) (0) 1865 843830;fax: ( 44) (0) 1865 853333;e-mail: may also complete your request on-line via theElsevier homepage ( ),by selecting Customer Support and then Obtaining Permissions British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of CongressISBN 0 7506 5638 7 For information on all Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publicationsvisit our website at by Integra Software Services Pvt.

3 Ltd, Pondicherry, and bound in Great BritainContentsPrefaceixAcknowledgements xi1 General InformationMetric system1 Typical metric units for UK structural2engineeringImperial units3 Conversion factors4 Measurement of angles5 Construction documentation and procurement6 Drawing conventions8 Common arrangement of work sections10 Summary of ACE conditions of engagement112 Statutory Authorities and PermissionsPlanning13 Building regulations and standards14 Listed buildings17 Conservation areas and Tree preservation orders18 Archaeology and ancient monuments19 Party Wall etc. Act21 CDM243 Design DataDesign data checklist25 Structural form, stability and robustness26 Structural movement joints29 Fire resistance periods for structural elements30 Typical building tolerances31 Historical use of building materials32 Typical weights of building materials34 Minimum imposed floor loads38 Typical unit floor and roof loadings41 Wind loading43 Barrier and handrail loadings44 Selection of materials46 Selection of floor construction47 Transportation48 Temporary works toolkit524 Basic and Shortcut Tools for StructuralAnalysisLoad factors and limit states55 Geometric section properties56 Parallel axis theorem and Composite sections60 Material properties61 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion64 Coefficients of friction65 Sign conventions66 Beam bending theory67 Deflection limits68 Beam bending and deflection

4 Formulae69 Clapeyron s equations of three moments76 Continuous beam bending formulae78 Struts79 Rigid frames under lateral loads81 Plates84 Torsion88 Taut wires, cables and chains89 Vibration915 GeotechnicsGeotechnics92 Selection of foundations and retaining walls93 Site investigation94 Soil classification95 Typical soil properties96 Preliminary sizing100 Trees and shallow foundations109 Contamined land1136 Timber and PlywoodTimber117 Timber section sizes119 Laminated timber products120 Durability and fire resistance122 Preliminary sizing of timber elements125viContentsTimber design to BS 5268127 Timber joints1357 MasonryMasonry141 Geometry and arrangement143 Durability and fire resistance147 Preliminary sizing of masonry elements148 Masonry design to BS 5628152 Masonry design to CP111166 Lintel design to BS 5977168 Masonry accessories1708 Reinforced ConcreteReinforced concrete175 Concrete mixes177 Durability and fire

5 Resistance179 Preliminary sizing of concrete elements180 Reinforcement182 Concrete design to BS 8110185 Reinforcement bar bending to BS 8666205 Reinforcement estimates2079 Structural SteelStructural steel208 Mild steel section sizes and tolerances210 Slenderness239 Durability and fire resistance242 Preliminary sizing of steel elements246 Steel design to BS 5950249 Steel design to BS 449261 Stainless steel to BS 595026910 Composite Steel and ConcreteComposite steel and concrete275 Preliminary sizing of composite elements277 Composite design to BS 595028111 Structural GlassStructural glass284 Typical glass section sizes and thicknesses287 Durability and fire resistance288 Typical glass sizes for common applications289 Structural glass design291 Connections293 Contentsvii12 Building Elements, Materials, Fixingsand FasteningsWaterproofing295 Basement waterproofing296 Screeds299 Precast concrete hollowcore slabs300Bi-metallic corrosion301 Structural adhesives302 Fixings and fastenings304 Cold weather working307 Effect of fire on construction materials308 Aluminium31013 Useful Mathematics314 Useful Addresses320 Further Reading331 Sources336 Index339viiiContentsPrefaceAs a student or graduate engineer it is difficult to source basic designdata.

6 Having been unable to find a compact book containing this infor-mation, I decided to compile my own after seeing a pocket book forarchitects. I realised that aStructural Engineer s Pocket Bookmight beuseful for other engineers and construction industry professionals. Myaim has been to gather useful facts and figures for use in preliminarydesign in the office, on site or in the IStructE Part 3 exam, based on book is not intended as a textbook; there are no worked examplesand the information is not prescriptive. Design methods from BritishStandards have been included and summarized, but obviously these arenot the only way of proving structural adequacy. Preliminary sizing andshortcuts are intended to give the engineer a feel for the structure beforebeginning design calculations.

7 All of the data should be used in context,using engineering judgement and current good practice. Where no refer-ence is given, the information has been compiled from several my best efforts, there may be some errors and omissions. Iwould be interested to receive any comments, corrections or sugges-tions on the content of the book by email at it has been difficult to decide what information can beincluded and still keep the book a compact size. Therefore any propos-als for additional material should be accompanied by a proposal for anomission of roughly the same size the reader should then appreciatethe many dilemmas that I have had during the preparation of thebook! If there is an opportunity for a second edition, I will attemptto accommodate any suggestions which are sent to me and I hope thatyou find theStructural Engineer s Pocket CobbThis Page Intentionally Left BlankAcknowledgementsThanks to the following people and organizations:Price & Myers for giving me varied and interesting work, without whichthis book would not have been possible!

8 Paul Batty, David Derby, SarahFawcus, Step Haiselden, Simon Jewell, Chris Morrisey, Mark Peldmanis,Sam Price, Helen Remordina, Harry Stocks and Paul Toplis for their com-ments and help reviewing chapters. Colin Ferguson, Derek Fordyce, PhilGee, Alex Hollingsworth, Paul Johnson, Deri Jones, Robert Myers, DaveRayment and Andy Toohey for their help, ideas, support, advice and/orinspiration at various points in the preparation of the book. RenataCorbani, Rebecca Rue and Sarah Hunt at Elsevier. The technical andmarketing representatives of the organizations mentioned in the but not least, thanks to Jim Cobb, Elaine Cobb, Iain Chapman for hissupport and the loan of his computer and Jean Cobb for her help withtyping and proof Page Intentionally Left Blank "# $ % '* * + $ < =% #=%> ?

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