X Bio Title EM Free - Telangana

1 SCERTTELANGANASCERTTELANGANAiFree distribution by Government 2019-20Dr. Ramesh,Co-ordinator, C&T Dept.,SCERT, by the Government of Telangana , the LawGet the RightsGrow by EducationBehave HumblyDr. Kamal Mahendroo,Professor,Vidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,Udaipur, Snigdha Das,Professor,Vidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,Udaipur, - 10 EditorsDr. Yashodhara Kaneria,Professor,Vidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,Udaipur, A. Nagamani,Professor,University College of Science,Saifabad., Nannuru Upendar Reddy,Professor & Head C&T Dept.,SCERT., Yashodhara KaneriaTELANGANADr. Yashodhara KaneriaVidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,TELANGANAV idya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,Udaipur, , A. Nagamani,TELANGANADr. A. Nagamani,University College of Science,TELANGANAU niversity College of Science,TELANGANATELANGANACo-ordinatorTE LANGANACo-ordinatorCo-ordinatorSaifabad. , , Nannuru Upendar ReddyTELANGANADr.

2 Nannuru Upendar ReddyProfessor & Head C&T Dept.,TELANGANAP rofessor & Head C&T Dept.,SCERT., , Government of Telangana , Published 2014 New Impression 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 All rights part of this publication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or byany means without the prior permission in writing of thepublisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form ofbinding or cover other than that in which it is publishedand without a similar condition including this conditionbeing imposed on the subsequent copy right holder of this book is the Directorof School Education, Hyderabad, have used some photographs which are undercreative common licence. They are acknowledgedat the end of the Book has been printed on 70 Map litho, Title Page 200 White Art CardFree Distribution by Government of Telangana 2019-20 Printed in Indiaat the Telangana Govt.

3 Text Book Press,Mint Compound, Hyderabad, the end of the the end of the Book has been printed on 70 Map litho,SCERTThis Book has been printed on 70 Map litho, Title Page 200 White Art CardSCERTT itle Page 200 White Art CardFree Distribution by Government of Telangana SCERTFree Distribution by Government of Telangana Free Distribution by Government of Telangana SCERTTELANGANANew Impression 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 TELANGANANew Impression 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019No part of this publication may be reproduced, storedTELANGANANo part of this publication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or byTELANGANAin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or byany means without the prior permission in writing of theTELANGANAany means without the prior permission in writing of thepublisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form ofTELANGANA publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form ofbinding or cover other than that in which it is publishedTELANGANA binding or cover other than that in which it is publishedand without a similar condition including this conditionTELANGANAand without a similar condition including this conditionbeing imposed on the subsequent imposed on the subsequent copy right holder of this book is the DirectorTELANGANAThe copy right holder of this book is the Directorof School Education, Hyderabad, School Education, Hyderabad, have used some photographs which are underTELANGANAWe have used some photographs which are undercreative common licence.

4 They are acknowledgedTELANGANA creative common licence. They are acknowledgedat the end of the the end of the distribution by Government 2019-20 Sri K. Sudhakara Chary,SGT,UPS Neelikurthy, Kishan Thatoju,Graphic Designer,C&T Dept.,SCERT, Ramesh,Co-ordinator,C&T Dept.,SCERT, Vinjanampati Raghava Rao,Lecturer,APRJC Sarvail, S. Vishnuvardhan Reddy,SA,ZPHS Kadtal, Sanjeev Kumar,SA,ZPHS Amdapur, Noel Joseph,HM,St. Joseph s High School,Ramagundam, G. Gopal Reddy,Director, , B. Sudhakar,Director,Govt. Textbook Press, Upendar Reddy,Professor & Head C&T Dept., , Book Development CommitteeWritersCover page, Graphics & DesigningSri Ch. Keshava Rao,Lecturer,DIET Hanamkonda, Pramod Kumar Padhy,SA,ZPHS Puram, Sk. Taj Babu,SA,ZPHS Chilkur, Meda Hari Prasad,SA,ZPHS Akumalla, K. Uma Rani,SA,GHS Ameerpet-1,Jawaharnagar, Mohd. Ayyub Ahmed, , U/M, Atmakur, Madhusudhan Reddy,SA,ZPHS Boys, Kosgi,Mahbubnagar Banala Jayaraju,SA,ZPHS Choutuppal,Nalgonda Kannaiah Dara,DPO& Graphic Designer,C&T Dept.

5 ,SCERT, Sanjeev Kumar,SCERTSri Sanjeev Kumar,ZPHS Amdapur, Amdapur, Noel Joseph,SCERTSri Noel Joseph,HM,SCERTHM,St. Joseph s High School,SCERTSt. Joseph s High School,Ramagundam, , Madhusudhan Reddy,SCERTSri Madhusudhan Reddy,ZPHS Boys, Kosgi,SCERTZPHS Boys, Kosgi,Mahbubnagar ,TELANGANAL ecturer,APRJC Sarvail, Sarvail, S. Vishnuvardhan Reddy,TELANGANADr. S. Vishnuvardhan Reddy,SA,TELANGANASA,ZPHS Kadtal, Kadtal, Mahaboobnagar., Telangana ,Director,TELANG ANAD irector,Textbook Press, Press, Ch. Keshava Rao,TELANGANASri Ch. Keshava Rao,DIET Hanamkonda, Hanamkonda, Pramod Kumar Padhy,TELANGANASri Pramod Kumar Padhy,ivIntro ..We believe that class-10 education is a key aspect of school education and aturning point in student s life. The present tenth class Science textbook in yourhands is developed in accordance with the National and State Curriculum Frameworkand the Right to Education Act.

6 This book helps the student to review variousconcepts that were learned through the learning experiences provided in the schooland to get comprehensive knowledge about these conecepts. The lessons in thetextbooks are presented in such way that they help in preparing the student forcompetitive examinations and also to prepare him/her for intermediate new science textbooks are specially designed with suitable pedagogy intune with Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) which we are right nowimplementing in school education. These textbooks help the teacher to assessstudents learning during teaching learning processes. They facilitate effective learningof various concepts of science in scientific method apart from getting knowledgeabout concepts. It is essential to complete the syllabus in the stipulated time asstudents have to write the Board examination in class-10. But don t forget thatcompletion of syllabus means making the students understand the concepts andtrying to achieve the learning competencies.

7 It is mandatory on the part of teacherto implement teaching strategies like, making the student to read the content ofthe textbook, discussion, analysis, lab activity, field trips, preparing reports, must take special care to avoid the practice of rote memorisation ofscientific information from guides and question classroom teaching of science must be in such a way that it encourageschildren to think and work scientifically. Also, it must enhance love towards it should enable to comprehend and appreciate the laws governing the naturein constructing so much diversity all around. Scientific learning is not just disclosingnew things. It is also necessary to step forward without interrupting theinterrelationship and interdependency along with understanding of the nature sintrinsic School children possess cognitive capacity of comprehendingthe nature and characteristics of the transforming world surrounding them.

8 Andthey are able to analyze abstract this level, we cannot quench their sharp thinking capability with the dryteachingof mere equations and theoretic principles. For that, we should create a learningenvironment in the classroom which provides an opportunity for them to apply thescientific knowledge, explore multiple alternatives in solving problems and establishnew learning is not just confined to the four walls of classroom. It has adefinite connection to lab and field as well. Therefore, there is a lot of importanceto field experience/ experiments in science classroom teaching of science must be in such a way that it encouragesSCERTThe classroom teaching of science must be in such a way that it encourageschildren to think and work scientifically. Also, it must enhance love towards to think and work scientifically. Also, it must enhance love towards it should enable to comprehend and appreciate the laws governing the natureSCERTEven it should enable to comprehend and appreciate the laws governing the naturein constructing so much diversity all around.

9 Scientific learning is not just disclosingSCERTin constructing so much diversity all around. Scientific learning is not just disclosingnew things. It is also necessary to step forward without interrupting theSCERTnew things. It is also necessary to step forward without interrupting theinterrelationship and interdependency along with understanding of the nature sSCERT interrelationship and interdependency along with understanding of the nature sintrinsic School children possess cognitive capacity of comprehendingSCERT intrinsic School children possess cognitive capacity of comprehendingthe nature and characteristics of the transforming world surrounding them. AndSCERTthe nature and characteristics of the transforming world surrounding them. Andthey are able to analyze abstract are able to analyze abstract this level, we cannot quench their sharp thinking capability with the dryteachingSCERTAt this level, we cannot quench their sharp thinking capability with the dryteachingof mere equations and theoretic principles.

10 For that, we should create a learningSCERTof mere equations and theoretic principles. For that, we should create a learningenvironment in the classroom which provides an opportunity for them to apply theSCERT environment in the classroom which provides an opportunity for them to apply thescientific knowledge, explore multiple alternatives in solving problems and establishSCERT scientific knowledge, explore multiple alternatives in solving problems and establishscientific knowledge, explore multiple alternatives in solving problems and establishSCERT scientific knowledge, explore multiple alternatives in solving problems and establishTELANGANATELANGANATELANGANATELA NGANATELANGANAWe believe that class-10 education is a key aspect of school education and aTELANGANAWe believe that class-10 education is a key aspect of school education and aturning point in student s life. The present tenth class Science textbook in yourTELANGANA turning point in student s life.