X Physics EM Title Free - Telangana

1 SCERT TELANGANAINSPIRE AWARDSI nspire is a National level programme to strengthen theroots of our traditional and technological major aims of Innovations in Science Pursuit forInspired Research (INSPIRE) programme Attract intelligent students towards sciences Identifying intelligent students and encourage them to studyscience from early age Develop complex human resources to promote scientific, technologicaldevelopment and researchInspire is a competitive examination. It is an innovative programme to makeyounger generation learn science interestingly. In 11th five year plan nearly TenLakhs of students were selected during 12th five year plan (2012-17) TwentyLakhs of students will be selected under this students from each high school (One student from 6 - 8 classes andone from 9 - 10 classes) and one student from each upper primary school areselected for this selected student is awarded with Rs. 5000/-. One should utilize 50%of amount for making project or model remaining for display at district levelInspire programme .

2 Selected students will be sent to State level as well asNational in Inspire programme - Develop our TELANGANAiFree distribution by Govt. of 2019-20 Sri M. Ramabrahmam, Lecturer,Govt. IASE, Masabtank, Kamal Mahendroo,Vidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,Udaipur, TVS Ramesh,Co-ordinator, C&T Dept.,SCERT, Preeti Misra,Vidya Bhavan Educational Resource Centre,Udaipur, SupportEditorsPublished by the Government of Telangana , the LawGet the RightsGrow by EducationBehave HumblyPHYSICAL SCIENCECLASS Krishnarajulu Naidu,Retd., Professor of PhysicsOsmania University, Adinarayana,Retd., Professor of ChemistryOsmania University, M. SalagramRetd., Professor of PhysicsOsmania University, K. Venkateswara RaoRetd., Reader in ChemistryNew Science College, Nannuru Upendar Reddy,Professor & Head C&T Dept.,SCERT., Sarveswara SharmaRetd., Reader in TELANGANAii Government of Telangana , Published 2014 New Impressions 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018,2019 All rights part of this publication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or byany means without the prior permission in writing of thepublisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form ofbinding or cover other than that in which it is publishedand without a similar condition including this conditionbeing imposed on the subsequent copy right holder of this book is the Directorof School Education, Hyderabad, have used some photographs which are undercreative common licence.

3 They are acknowledgedat the end of the Book has been printed on 70 Maplitho, Title Page 200 White Art CardFree Distribution by Government of Telangana 2019-20 Printed in Indiaat the Telangana Govt. Text Book Press,Mint Compound, Hyderabad, TELANGANAiiiFree distribution by Govt. of 2019-20 Sri R. Ananda Kumar, SA,ZPHS Gavaravaram, S. Naushad Ali, SA,ZPHS Nellore, S. Brahmananda Reddy, SA,ZPHS Immadicheruvu, V. Yekambareswararao, SA,ZPHS Lingaraopalem, Siva Ram Prasad, SA,GBHS Sultan Bazar, Srikanth, SA,GTWAHS , M. Eswara Rao, SA,GHS Sompeta, SrikakulamSri K. Gagan Kumar, SA,ZPHS Mirzapur, Book Development CommitteeWritersCover page, Graphics & DesigningSri G. Gopal Reddy, Director, , B. Sudhakar, Director,Govt. Textbook printing press, Nannuru Upendar Reddy,Professor & Head C&T Dept., , M. Ramabrahmam, Lecturer,Govt. IASE, Masabtank, K. Sudhakara Chary, SGT,UPS Neelikurthy, Kurra Suresh Babu, , MA., Media Graphics, Kishan Thatoju, Graphic Designer,C&T Dept.

4 ,SCERT, Madhusudhana Reddy Dandala, SA,ZPHS Munagala, Md. Ayyub Ahmed, , U/M, Atmakur, Tirumala Srinivasa Chary, SA,ZPHS Kapra, Medchal Suresh, SA,ZPHS Pasaragonda, Y. Venkat Reddy, SA,ZPHS Chivemla, TELANGANAivIntro ..We believe that class-10 education is a key aspect of school education and aturning point in student s life. The present tenth class Science textbook in yourhands is developed in accordance with the National and State Curriculum Frameworkand the Right to Education Act. This book helps the student to review variousconcepts that were learned through the learning experiences provided in the schooland to get comprehensive knowledge about these conecepts. The lessons in thetextbooks are presented in such way that they help in preparing the student forcompetitive examinations and also to prepare him/her for intermediate new science textbooks are specially designed with suitable pedagogy intune with Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) which we are right nowimplementing in school education.

5 These textbooks help the teacher to assessstudents learning during teaching learning processes. They facilitate effective learningof various concepts of science in scientific method apart from getting knowledgeabout concepts. It is essential to complete the syllabus in the stipulated time asstudents have to write the Board Examination in class-10. But don t forget thatcompletion of syllabus means making the students understand the concepts andtrying to achieve the learning competencies. It is mandatory on the part of teacherto implement teaching strategies like, making the student to read the content ofthe textbook, discussion, analysis, lab activity, field trips, preparing reports, must take special care to avoid the practice of rote memorisation ofscientific information from guides and question classroom teaching of science must be in such a way that it encourageschildren to think and work scientifically. Also, it must enhance love towards it should enable to comprehend and appreciate the laws governing the naturein constructing so much diversity all around.

6 Scientific learning is not just disclosingnew things. It is also necessary to step forward without interrupting theinterrelationship and interdependency along with understanding of the nature sintrinsic School children possess cognitive capacity of comprehendingthe nature and characteristics of the transforming world surrounding them. Andthey are able to analyze abstract this level, we cannot quench their sharp thinking capability with the dryteachingof mere equations and theoretic principles. For that, we should create a learningenvironment in the classroom which provides an opportunity for them to apply thescientific knowledge, explore multiple alternatives in solving problems and establishnew learning is not just confined to the four walls of classroom. It has adefinite connection to lab and field as well. Therefore, there is a lot of importanceto field experience/ experiments in science TELANGANAvFree distribution by Govt. of 2019-20 There is a great need for compulsory implementation of instructions of theNational Curriculum Framework- 2005 which emphasizes linking of the science teachingwith local environment.

7 The Right to Education Act- 2009 also suggested thatpriority should be given to the achievement of learning competencies among , science teaching should be in such a way that it would help cultivate anew generation with scientific key aspect of science teaching is to make the children understand thethinking process of scientists and their efforts behind each discovery. The StateCurriculum Framework- 2011 stated thatchildren should be able to express theirown ideas and opinions on various aspects. These Science Text Books are preparedto meet the set standards of the SCF and thus assist children in becoming self-reliant researchers capable of thinking intensely in scientific new textbooks are developed to achieve desired academic standards. Soteachers should develop various teaching learning strategies to make their studentsto achieve class specific academic standards. We should avoid rote learning methodsfor the successful implementation of Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE).

8 It is very impart to know more about different methods to assess students progress by summative and formative evaluation. The new textbooks reflectContinuous Comprehensive Evaluation and teaching method with respect to discussedconcepts. This is very useful to teachers and the new textbooks, the design of concepts and activities help in achievingthe specified academic standards. Teachers need to plan appropriate teachingstrategies to improve the academic standards among the students by the end ofteaching the lesson. For effective implementation of continuous comprehensiveevaluation the teaching must move away from the methods of rote memorisationof concepts. There is a need for teachers to have a good understanding of themethods of evaluation which help them in assessing the progress of children in aconstructive and comprehensive way. The new textbooks are not confined tosimply provide necessary informations about concepts.

9 Instead they focus on thenew teaching strategies and evaluation techniques which are very important forboth teachers and thank the VidyaBhavan Society, Rajasthan for their cooperation in designingthese new text books,the writers for preparing the lessons, the editors for checkingthe textual matters and the DTP group for cutely composing the textbook. Weinvite suggestions from educationists, teachers, parents, students and others tomake this book more play a pivotal role in children s comprehensive use of the text hope, teachers will make their best efforts for proper utilization of the text bookso as to inculcate scientific thinking among children and inspire them to be greatscientists. Director,SCERT, HyderabadSCERT TELANGANAviDear Science Text Books are prepared in such a way that they develop children s observationpower and research enthusiasm. The official documents of National and State Curriculum FrameWorks and the Right to Education Act are aspairing to bring grossroute changes in scienceteaching.

10 These textbooks are adopted in accordance with such an aspiration. Hence, scienceteachers need to adapt to the new approach in their view of this, let us observe certain Dos and Don ts: There is an immediate need to discard the practices adopted in the schools on a false beliefthat teaching of 10th class means preparing the children for public examination. In 10thclass the teaching learning process should focus on achieving the academic standards ratherwinning race of scoring marks. Avoid practices like using guides and question banks, asking the children to read onlyimportant questions, focussing on lessons which help in scoring more marks. Read the lesson thoroughly before you start teaching and ask the children to read the initiate a discussion to make the children understand the concepts in the lessons. Encourage children to express their own views and ideas while writing the answers. Giveweightage to such type of writing in examination. Some instructions are given in the textbook regarding the collection of certain informationby the teacher.