x86 Assembly Language Reference Manual - Oracle

1 X86 Assembly Language Reference Manual 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043. A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX system, licensed from UNIX Systems Laboratories, Inc.

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5 Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun's licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUI's and otherwise comply with Sun's written license agreements. X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium, Inc. THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A. PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. THIS PUBLICATION COULD INCLUDE TECHNICAL INACCURACIES OR TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS. CHANGES ARE. PERIODICALLY ADDED TO THE INFORMATION HEREIN, THESE CHANGES WILL BE INCORPORATED IN NEW.

6 EDITIONS OF THE PUBLICATION. SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. MAY MAKE IMPROVEMENTS AND/OR CHANGES IN. THE PRODUCT(S) AND/OR THE PROGRAMS(S) DESCRIBED IN THIS PUBLICATION AT ANY TIME. Please Recycle Contents Preface.. xvii 1. Assembler Input .. 1. Introduction .. 1. Source Files in Assembly Language Format.. 2. File Organization .. 2. Statements.. 3. Values and Symbol Types .. 4. Expressions .. 6. Expression Syntax .. 7. Expression Semantics (Absolute vs. Relocatable) .. 9. Machine Instruction Syntax .. 10. Instruction Description .. 12. Pseudo Operations .. 14. General Pseudo Operations .. 14.

7 Symbol Definition Pseudo Operations .. 19. iii 2. Instruction-Set Mapping .. 21. Introduction .. 22. Notational Conventions .. 23. References .. 26. Segment Register Instructions .. 26. Load Full Pointer (lds,les, lfs, lgs, and lss) .. 26. Pop Stack into Word (pop).. 27. Push Word/Long onto Stack (push) .. 28. I/O Instructions .. 29. Input from Port (in, ins) .. 29. Output from Port (out, outs) .. 31. Flag Instructions.. 32. Load Flags into AH Register (lahf) .. 32. Store AH into Flags (sahf).. 33. Pop Stack into Flag (popf) .. 33. Push Flag Register Onto Stack (pushf) .. 34. Complement Carry Flag (cmc).

8 35. Clear Carry Flag (clc).. 35. Set Carry Flag (stc).. 36. Clear Interrupt Flag (cli) .. 36. Set Interrupt Flag (sti) .. 37. Clear Direction Flag (cld) .. 37. Set Direction Flag (std) .. 38. Arithmetic Logical Instructions .. 38. iv x86 Assembly Language Reference Manual November 1995. Integer Addition (add) .. 38. Integer Add With Carry (adc) .. 39. Integer Subtraction (sub) .. 40. Integer Subtraction With Borrow (sbb) .. 41. Compare Two Operands (cmp) .. 42. Increment by 1 (inc) .. 43. Decrease by 1 (dec) .. 44. Logical Comparison or Test (test) .. 45. Shift (sal, shl, sar, shr).

9 46. Double Precision Shift Left (shld) .. 48. Double Precision Shift Right (shrd) .. 49. One's Complement Negation (not) .. 50. Two's Complement Negation (neg).. 50. Check Array Index Against Bounds (bound) .. 51. Logical And (and) .. 52. Logical Inclusive OR (or) .. 54. Logical Exclusive OR (xor) .. 55. Multiply and Divide Instructions .. 56. Signed Multiply (imul) .. 57. Unsigned Multiplication of AL, AX or EAX(mul) .. 58. Unsigned Divide (div).. 60. Signed Divide (idiv) .. 61. Conversion Instructions .. 62. Convert Byte to Word (cbtw) .. 62. Contents v Convert Word to Long (cwtl).

10 63. Convert Signed Word to Signed Double Word (cwtd) .. 63. Convert Signed Long to Signed Double Long (cltd) .. 64. Decimal Arithmetic Instructions .. 64. Decimal Adjust AL after Addition (daa) .. 64. Decimal Adjust AL after Subtraction (das).. 65. ASCII Adjust after Addition (aaa) .. 65. ASCII Adjust after Subtraction (aas) .. 66. ASCII Adjust AX after Multiply (aam) .. 67. ASCII Adjust AX before Division (aad) .. 68. Coprocessor Instructions.. 69. Wait (wait, fwait) .. 69. String Instructions .. 69. Move Data from String to String (movs).. 70. Compare String Operands (cmps) .. 71.