Agilent De-embedding and Embedding S-Parameter …

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Application Note 1364-1AgilentDe- Embedding and EmbeddingS-Parameter Networks Using aVector network Analyzer2IntroductionTraditionally RF and microwave com-ponents have been designed in pack-ages with coaxial interfaces. Complexsystems can be easily manufacturedby connecting a series of these sepa-rate coaxial devices. Measuring theperformance of these componentsand systems is easily performed withstandard test equipment that usessimilar coaxial interfaces. However, modern systems demand ahigher level of component integra-tion, lower power consumption, andreduced manufacturing cost. RFcomponents are rapidly shiftingaway from designs that use expen-sive coaxial interfaces, and are mov-ing toward designs that use printedcircuit board and surface mounttechnologies (SMT). The traditionalcoaxial interface may even be elimi-nated from the final product. Thisleaves the designer with the prob-lem of measuring the performanceof these RF and microwave compo-nents with test equipment thatrequires coaxial interfaces.

available on most network analyz-ers, can also be very useful when optimizing the fixture model.2 Let’s examine several fixture models that can be used in the de-embed-ding process. We will later show that some of the simpler models are used in the firmware of many vector net-work analyzers to directly perform the appropriate de-embedding with-

  Network, Model, Work, Net work