AP Psychology Study Guide
History and Approaches (2-4%) Psychology is derived from physiology (biology) and philosophy EARLY APPROACHES oStructuralism used INTROSPECTION (act of looking inward to examine mental experience) to determine the underlying STRUCTURES of the mind oFunctionalism need to analyze the PURPOSE of behavior APPROACHES KEY WORDS oEvolutionary Genes oHumanistic free will, choice, ideal, actualization oBiological Brain, NTs oCognitive Perceptions, thoughts oBehavioral learned, reinforced oPsychoanalytic/dynamic unconscious, childhood oSociocultural society oBiopsychosocial combo of above PEOPLE: oMary Calkins: First Fem. Pres. of APA oCharles Darwin: Natural selection & evolution oDorothea Dix: Reformed mental institutions in oStanley Hall: 1st pres.
Significant results = NOT due to chance ... • DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD (also called a just noticeable difference (JND) and follows WEBER’S LAW: two stimuli ... make up a 3D image) o Retinal Disparity: Image is cast slightly different on each retinal, location of image helps
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