Chapter 7
Chapter 7. Effective Nuclear Charge Size of Atoms & Ions Ionization Electron Affinity PERIODIC TRENDS. Arises from the Periodic patterns in ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS. Elements in the same GROUP have the same number of VALENCE electrons VALENCE electrons = electrons in the outermost orbital EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE. The NET positive charge experienced by an electron. Core electrons pulled in tightly Valence electrons held less tightly Shielding effect reduces the full nuclear charge of outer electrons Effective Nuclear Charge BASED On The PERIODIC. RECURRENCE Of PROPERTIES. Periodic Trends In Sizes of atoms and ions. Ionization energy. Electron affinity. Sizes of atoms As we move down a group, the atoms become larger. Due to INCREASING value of n SIZES OF ATOMS. BUT !! As we move ACROSS a period, {left to right}.
nonmetal oxide + water → acid P4O10 (s) + H 2O(l) → 4H 3PO 4(aq) CO 2(g) + H 2O(l) → H2CO 3(aq) Metalloids • Metalloids have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals. • Metalloids have found fame in the semiconductor industry. End Chapter 7.
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