Combustion Fundamentals

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2CombustionFundamentalsTounderstandthefo nnationofpollutantsincombustionsystems,w emustfirstunder-standthenatureofthefuels beingburned,thethennodynamicsofthecombus tionpro-cess, ,detonations, spectrumoffuelscurrentlyinwidespreaduse, thesimplestincompositionisnaturalgas,whi chconsistsprimarilyofmethanebutincludesa ,buttheyare,atleast, , ,whichconsistsofmeasurementsoftheelement alcompositionofthefuel,generallypresente dasmassfractionsofcarbon,hydrogen,sulfur ,oxygen,nitrogen,andash, "CH4C2H6C3HshydrocarbonsCOH2H2SN2CO2(106 Jm-3) "p,101kPa;T,25 "Sweetened,"H2S (106Jkg-I)Kerosene( ) < < ,a measureoftheheatreleaseduringcompletecom bustion, ,physicalpropertiesthatinfluencethehandl inganduseofa ,thespecificgravityorAPIgravity,*viscosi ty(possiblyat severaltemperatures),flashpoint(ameasure ofthetemperatureatwhichthefuelissufficie ntlyvolatiletoignitereadily),anddistilla tionprofiles(fractionvaporizedasa functionoftemperature) ,coalsareclassifiedbyrank,a haveundergonerelativelylittlechange, , ,whichidentifiesthedegreeofcoalifactiono fa solidfuel( ).

64 Combustion Fundamentals Chap. 2 The large quantity of nitrogen diluent substantially reduces the mole fractions of the combustion products from the values they would have in its absence. Example 2.1 Combustion ofOctane in Air Detennine the stoichiometric fuel/air mass ratio and product gas composition for combus­ tion ofoctane (CSH1S ) in air.

  Fundamentals