DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE IN SMALL GROUPS
Psychological Bulletin1965, Vol. 63, No. 6, 384-399DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE IN SMALL GROUPS1BRUCE W. TUCKMANNaval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland50 articles dealing with stages of group development over time are separated bygroup setting, as follows: therapy- group studies, T- group studies, and natural-and laboratory- group studies. The stages identified in these articles are separatedinto those descriptive of social or interpersonal group activities and thosedescriptive of group -task activities. Finally, 4 general stages of developmentare proposed, and the review consists of fitting the stages identified in theliterature to those proposed.
functions of groups and the social-emotional-integrative functions of groups, both of which occur as simultaneous aspects of group func-tioning (Bales, 19S3; Coffey, 1952; Deutsch, 1949; Jennings, 1947). In therapy groups and T groups, the task is a personal and interpersonal one in that the group exists to help the individuals deal with
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