DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE IN SMALL GROUPS

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Psychological Bulletin1965, Vol. 63, No. 6, 384-399DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE IN SMALL GROUPS1BRUCE W. TUCKMANNaval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland50 articles dealing with stages of group development over time are separated bygroup setting, as follows: therapy-group studies, T-group studies, and natural-and laboratory-group studies. The stages identified in these articles are separatedinto those descriptive of social or interpersonal group activities and thosedescriptive of group-task activities. Finally, 4 general stages of developmentare proposed, and the review consists of fitting the stages identified in theliterature to those proposed.

eral class of behavior which cuts across set-tings; the specifics of orientation, that is, what one must orient to and how, will be setting-specific. The second phase in the development of group structure is labeled as intragroup con-flict. Group members become hostile toward one another and toward a therapist or trainer

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