Future Ship powering optionS - IMO

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Future ship powering optionS Exploring alternative methods of ship propulsion July 2013. Future ship powering optionS c1. Contents Foreword 2 Glossary 76. Executive summary 3 References 77. 1. Introduction 8 Appendices 78. Drivers for change 9 1. Terms of reference 78. Carbon emissions 9 2. Membership of the working group 79. Price of oil 10 3. Referee and review group 81. The shipping industry 11 4. Statement from Vice-President of the European Technical development 11 Commission Siim Kallas and EU Commissioner Operation 13 for Climate Action Connie Hedegaard, October 2012 82.

6 Royal Academy of Engineering Future ship powering options 7 Hydrogen, compressed air and liquid nitrogen are likely to be long-term propulsion considerations.

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