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Introduction to Logic

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Introduction to LogicCourse notes by Richard BaronThis document is available at is Logic about? 2 Methods propositional logicFormalizing arguments 3The connectives 5Testing what follows from what 10A formal language, a system and a theory 14Proofs using axioms 17Proofs using natural deduction 22Methods first-order logicFormalizing statements 31Predicate letters, constants, variables and quantifiers 37Some valid arguments 55Wffs and axioms 61Natural deduction 70IdeasThe history of Logic 79Fallacies 80Paradoxes 82Deduction, induction and abduction 84Theories, models, soundness and completeness 87Kurt G del 90Version of April 20141What is Logic about? Logic covers:a set of techniques for formalizing and testing arguments;the study of those techniques, and the powers and limits of different techniques;a range of philosophical questions about topics like truth and arguments that we formalize may look too simple to be worth the effort.

A formal language, a system and a theory 14 Proofs using axioms 17 Proofs using natural deduction 22 Methods – first-order logic ... playful. “Or” is inclusive, unless we say otherwise. So Bruno is clever or playful or both. ... We can use brackets as much as we like to group things together and make it clear what we mean: p v q & r can ...

  Name, Formal, Logic

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