Introduction to Logic

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Introduction to LogicCourse notes by Richard BaronThis document is available at is Logic about? 2 Methods propositional logicFormalizing arguments 3The connectives 5Testing what follows from what 10A formal language, a system and a theory 14Proofs using axioms 17Proofs using natural deduction 22Methods first-order logicFormalizing statements 31Predicate letters, constants, variables and quantifiers 37Some valid arguments 55Wffs and axioms 61Natural deduction 70IdeasThe history of Logic 79Fallacies 80Paradoxes 82Deduction.

Exercise: formalizing arguments Here are some arguments. Formalize each one. Decide which arguments are valid. (It does not normally matter which letter you use for which proposition, but it will help here if you use p for the first one you come to within each argument, q for the second, and so on. This is because we will re-use these arguments ...

  Arguments, Valid