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Introduction to Logic

Introduction to LogicCourse notes by Richard BaronThis document is available at is Logic about? 2 Methods propositional logicFormalizing arguments 3 The connectives 5 Testing what follows from what 10A formal language, a system and a theory 14 Proofs using axioms 17 Proofs using natural deduction 22 Methods first-order logicFormalizing statements 31 Predicate letters, constants, variables and quantifiers 37 Some valid arguments 55 Wffs and axioms 61 Natural deduction 70 IdeasThe history of Logic 79 Fallacies 80 Paradoxes 82 Deduction.

Exercise: formalizing arguments Here are some arguments. Formalize each one. Decide which arguments are valid. (It does not normally matter which letter you use for which proposition, but it will help here if you use p for the first one you come to within each argument, q for the second, and so on. This is because we will re-use these arguments ...

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