Lecture 1: Circuits & Layout

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introduction toCMOS VLSIDesignLecture 1: Circuits & LayoutDavid HarrisHarvey Mudd CollegeSpring 20041: Circuits & LayoutSlide 2CMOS vlsi DesignOutlineqA Brief HistoryqCMOS Gate DesignqPass TransistorsqCMOS Latches & Flip-FlopsqStandard Cell LayoutsqStick Diagrams1: Circuits & LayoutSlide 3CMOS vlsi DesignA Brief Historyq1958: First integrated circuit Flip-flop using two transistors Built by Jack Kilby at Texas Instrumentsq2003 Intel Pentium 4 processor(55 million transistors) 512 Mbit DRAM (> billion transistors)q53% compound annual growth rate over 45 years No other technology has grown so fast so longqDriven by miniaturization of transistors Smaller is cheaper, faster, lower in power! Revolutionary effects on society1: Circuits & LayoutSlide 4CMOS vlsi DesignAnnual Salesq1018transistors manufactured in 2003 100 million for every human on the planet0501001502001982198419861988199019 9219941996199820002002YearGlobal Semiconductor Billings(Billions of US$)1: Circuits & LayoutSlide 5CMOS vlsi DesignInvention of the TransistorqVacuum tubes ruled in first half of 20thcentury Large, expensive, power-hungry, unreliableq1947: first point contact transistor John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs Read Crystal FireBy Riordan, Hoddeson1: Circuits & LayoutSlide 6CMOS vlsi DesignTransistor TypesqBipolar transistors npn or pnpsilicon structure Small current into very thin base layer controls large currents between emitter and collector Base currents limit integration

Introduction to CMOS VLSI Design Lecture 1: Circuits & Layout David Harris Harvey Mudd College Spring 2004. 1: Circuits & Layout CMOS VLSI Design Slide 2 Outline qA Brief History qCMOS Gate Design qPass Transistors qCMOS Latches & Flip-Flops qStandard Cell Layouts qStick Diagrams.

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