shield gas manual - AWS Section

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SHIELDING GASESSELECTION MANUALIntroduction 1Properties of Electric Arcs and Cases3Basic Electrical Concepts3Physical Properties of Gases8Basic Gas Properties10Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)13Process Description13Gas Flow Rate14Preflow and Postflow15Backup Shielding and Trailing Shields15Shielding Gases for GTAW15Plasma Arc Processes (PAW and PAC)19Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)19 Process Description19 Application of PAW21 Shielding Gases for PAW22Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC)24 Process Description24 Gas Flow Rates27 Shielding and Cutting Gases for PAC27Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)29Process Description29Metal Transfer Modes in GMAW30Metal-Cored Electrodes34Shielding Gases for GMAW35T A B L E O F C O N T E N T SChapterTopicPages1234Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)43Process Description43Flux Effects44Metal Transfer44Shielding Gases for FCAW45The Economics of Gas Selection for GMAW47Labor a

During any arc welding process, oxygen and other atmospheric gases can react with the molten metal, causing defects that weaken the weld. The primary function of a shielding gas

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