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Spatial Signal Processing (Beamforming)

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Spatial Signal Processing (Beamforming)What Is Beamforming? Beamforming is Spatial filtering, a means of transmitting or receiving sound preferentially in some directions over others. Beamforming is exactly analogous to frequency domain analysis of time signals. In time/frequency filtering, the frequency content of a time Signal is revealed by its Fourier transform. In beamforming, the angular (directional) spectrum of a Signal is revealed by Fourier analysis of the way sound excites different parts of the set of transducers. Beamforming can be accomplished physically ( shaping and moving a transducer), electrically (analog delay circuitry), or mathematically (digital Signal Processing ).Beamforming Requirements Directivity A beamformer is a Spatial filter and can be used to increase the Signal -to-noise ratio by blocking most of the noise outside the directions of interest. Side lobe control No filter is ideal. Must balance main lobe directivity and side lobe levels, which are related.

• Beamforming can be accomplished physically (shaping and moving a transducer), electrically (analog delay circuitry), or mathematically (digital signal processing). ... • Beam steering – A beamformer can be electronically steered, with some degradation in performance.

  Beam, Shaping

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