11031-11 Ch11rev - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
10CHAPTER10ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYVisualize or palpate the landmarks of the abdominal wall and pelvis, as illus-trated. The rectus abdominis muscles become more prominent when thepatient raises the head and shoulders from the supine Abdomen11CHAPTER11CHAPTER 11 THE ABDOMEN415Rectus abdominismuscleUmbilicusInguinal ligamentPubic tubercleXiphoid processCostal marginMidline, overlyinglinea albaAnterior superioriliac spineSymphysis pubisIliac crestFor descriptive purposes, the ab-domen is often divided by imaginarylines crossing at the umbilicus, form-ing the right upper, right lower, leftupper, and left lower system divides the abdomeninto nine sections. Terms for threeof them are commonly used: epi-gastric, umbilical, and hypogastricor examining the abdomen andmoving in a clockwise rotation, sev-eralorgans are often palpable.
THE HEALTH HISTORY EXAMPLES OF ABNORMALITIES CHAPTER 11 THE ABDOMEN 419 Visceral pain varies in quality and may be gnawing, burning, cramping,
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