Biomedical applications of titanium and its alloys

Branemark et al.3 as a direct bone-to-implant contact and later on defined on a more functional basis as a direct bone-to-implant contact under load. In the past, osseointegrated endosse-ous dental implants have been made in a variety of shapes, including hollow baskets, blades, tripods, needles, disks, truncated cones, cylinders, and screws.

  Branemark