Development and Validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit–S)

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2005 Scripps National Spelling Bee (N = 175). This sample completed the Grit–O prior to the final competition. Of the finalists, 48% were female (M age = 13.20 years, SD = 1.23). The outcome of interest in this sample was final round reached in the National Spelling Bee. The fourth sample consisted of 139 Ivy League undergrad-

  Scale, Spelling, Trig, Spelling bee, Grit scale