Why is South Africa Still a Developing Country? - LMU

5 VAR Granger Causality Tests 2 Bal et al (2016) India 1970 – 2012 ARDL Trade => GDP: Long Run ECM 3 Hussain and Haque (2016) Bangladesh 1973 – 2014 Cointegration Analysis Trade => GDP VECM 4 Judith and Chijindu (2016) Nigeria 1987 – 2014 Cointegration Analysis Trade => GDP: Long Run ECM Trade # GDP: Short Run

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