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13.24: Mass Spectrometry

1 Chapter 13: Spectroscopy Methods of structure determination Nuclear Magnetic Resonances (NMR) Spectroscopy (Sections ) Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy (Sections ) Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy (Section ) Mass (MS) Spectrometry (not really spectroscopy) (Section ) molecular Spectroscopy: the interaction of electromagnetic radiation (light) with matter (organic compounds). This interaction gives specific structural information. 2 : Mass Spectrometry : molecular weight of the sample formula The mass spectrometer gives the mass to charge ratio (m/z), therefore the sample (analyte) must be an ion. Mass Spectrometry is a gas phase technique- the sample must be vaporized. Electron-impact ionization Sample Inlet10-7 - 10-8 torrR-Helectr on beam 70 eV (6 700 KJ/mol)e_R-H+massanalyze rm/zioniza tion chamber(M+)proton u neutron u electron u 13 mass m charge z ==B2 r2 2V B= magnetic field strength r = radius of the analyzer tube V= voltage (accelerator plate) The Mass Spectrometer Io niz atio nchamberIo ns of selectedmas s/charge rat ioa

Infrared: molecular vibrations (stretches, bends) - identify functional groups Radiowaves: nuclear spin in a magnetic field (NMR) - gives a map of the H and C framework organic molecule (ground state) light hν organic molecule (excited state) organic molecule (ground state) + hν relaxation 16 13.23 Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy λ 200

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  Molecular, Vibration, Molecular vibrations

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